Figure 3. AOM 2, 3–Effects of sex and exercise condition on tumor number in A/J mice.

Exercise treatments were: none, 5 weeks prior to azoxymethane (AOM) injections, 5 weeks during AOM injections, 10 weeks of wheel access spanning the 5 weeks prior and 5 weeks during AOM. For AOM 2 (a), significant effect of exercise condition (F_{3, 71} = 7.039; P < 0.001), but not sex (F_{1, 71} = 1.835; P = 0.180) or the exercise condition-by-sex interaction (F_{3, 71} = 0.994; P = 0.401). For AOM 3 (b), significant effect of exercise condition (F_{3, 32} = 6.355; P = 0.002), and post-hoc tests (Tukey HSD) between exercise conditions indicated that access to a running wheel at any time statistically significantly reduced tumor number relative to no exercise (P < 0.03, for all pairwise comparisons). Bars represent estimated marginal means ± standard errors.