Table 3.
Associations between SEP and reporting four or five dental problems—adults ages 30 – 64 years
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | Model 4d | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (CI95%) | p | OR (CI95%) | p | OR (CI95%) | p | OR (CI95%) | p | |
| Level of Education | ||||||||
| Universitye | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- |
| Secondary | 2.33 (1.80–3.01) | .000 | 2.05 (1.58–2.66) | .000 | 1.96 (1.59–2.33) | .000 | 1.62 (1.26–1.97) | .000 |
| Primary | 3.69 (2.86–4.77) | .000 | 2.82 (2.16–3.67) | .000 | 2.57 (2.14–3.00) | .000 | 1.89 (1.48–2.29) | .000 |
| No formal education | 6.54 (4.80–8.91) | .000 | 4.58 (3.31–6.34) | .000 | 4.38 (3.68–5.08) | .000 | 2.94 (2.31–3.57) | .000 |
| n = 17,267 (98%) | n = 16,920 (96%) | n = 16,198 (92%) | ||||||
| F–adjusted = 0.66 (p = 0.746) | F–adjusted = 0.95 (p = 0.481) | F-adjusted = 1.06 (p = 0.388) | ||||||
| log pseudolikelihood = −6741427.9 | log pseudolikelihood = −6364312.7 | log pseudolikelihood = −5910612.5 | ||||||
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | ||||||
| OR (CI95%) | p | OR (CI95%) | p | OR (CI95%) | p | |||
| Household Equivalent | ||||||||
| Income | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- |
| Quartile 4 (highest)e | 1.68 (1.37–1.98) | .000 | 1.54 (1.24–1.84) | .000 | 1.49 (1.19–1.79) | .002 | 1.25 (0.96–1.53) | .089 |
| Quartile 3 | 2.20 (1.82–2.58) | .000 | 1.80 (1.45–2.15) | .000 | 1.73 (1.40–2.07) | .000 | 1.35 (1.05–1.65) | .022 |
| Quartile 2 | 3.62 (3.17–4.07) | .000 | 2.77 (2.36–3.18) | .000 | 2.46 (2.06–2.87) | .000 | 1.80 (1.43–2.16) | .000 |
| Quartile 1 | ||||||||
| n = 17,332 (98%) | n = 16,979 (96%) | n = 16,246 (92%) | ||||||
| log pseudolikelihood = −6807884.4 | log pseudolikelihood = −6413004.9 | log pseudolikelihood = −5969405.4 | ||||||
| F-adjusted = 0.56 (p = 0.827) | F-adjusted = 0.99 (p = 0.445) | F-adjusted = 0.95 (p = 0.480) | ||||||
| Occupational class | ||||||||
| I (highest)e | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- |
| II | 1.56 (1.06–2.31) | .025 | 1.37 (0.92–2.04) | .121 | 1.35 (0.88–1.82) | .142 | 1.09 (0.67–1.51) | .674 |
| III | 2.08 (1.48–2.93) | .000 | 1.78 (1.26–2.52) | .002 | 1.60 (1.15–2.04) | .009 | 1.10 (0.73–1.48) | .587 |
| IV | 2.94 (2.13–4.07) | .000 | 2.27 (1.63–3.17) | .000 | 2.13 (1.63–2.62) | .000 | 1.26 (0.86–1.65) | .208 |
| V | 3.61 (2.53–5.16) | .000 | 2.55 (1.77–3.66) | .000 | 2.35 (1.77–2.92) | .000 | 1.25 (0.81–1.69) | .270 |
| n = 17,111 (97%) | n = 16,778 (95%) | n = 16,068 (91%) | n = 16,023 (91%) | |||||
| log pseudolikelihood = −6790156.0 | log pseudolikelihood = −6382456.4 | log pseudolikelihood = −5941464.8 | log pseudolikelihood = −5823027.6 | |||||
| F-adjusted = 0.28 (p = 0.979) | F-adjusted = 0.60 (p = 0.798) | F-adjusted = 0.90 (p = 0.527) | F-adjusted = 1.52 (p = 0.137) | |||||
Models 1, 2 and 3 were built separately for each indicator of SEP. Model 4 is one single model with the three indicators of SEP included simultaneously
aModel 1: adjusted by demographic variables (age in groups, sex, area of residence, and marital status)
bModel 2: adjusted by demographic and behavioral variables (smoking, sweet and sweetened beverage intake, toothbrushing, and dental visits)
cModel 3: adjusted by demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial variables (mental health, social support, family function, work-related stress, and job satisfaction. Work-related stress and job satisfaction with imputed data)
dModel 4: adjusted by demographic, behavioral, psychosocial, and socioeconomic variables (income, work-related stress, and job satisfaction with imputed data). To avoid multicollinearity, the degree of correlation between socioeconomic variables was measured. The highest correlation found (between education and occupational class) was moderate (Spearman’s rho = 0.47; p < 0.001)
eReference category