Table 2.
Comparison of the diagnostic evaluation parameters for direct KOH examination, culture, and biopsy according to the methodological quality of the studies
| KOH (95% CI) | Culture (95% CI) | Biopsy (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive subjects: True Positives/False Negatives | |||
| Total | 857/545 | 966/745 | 1,483/288 |
| High quality | 677/453 | 684/448 | 975/236 |
| Average quality | 180/92 | 282/297 | 508/52 |
| Negative subjects: True Negatives/False Positives | |||
| Total | 690/33 | 808/6 | 881/105 |
| High quality | 622/28 | 643/5 | 709/92 |
| Average quality | 68/5 | 165/1 | 172/13 |
| Sensitivity | |||
| Total | 61 (59–64) | 56 (54–59) | 84 (82–86) |
| High quality | 60 (57–63) | 60 (58–63) | 81 (78–83) |
| Average quality | 66 (60–72) | 49 (45–53) | 91 (88–93) |
| Specificity | |||
| Total | 95 (94–97) | 99 (98–100) | 89 (87–91) |
| High quality | 96 (94–97) | 99 (98–100) | 89 (86–91) |
| Average quality | 93 (85–98) | 99 (97–100) | 93 (88–96) |
| Positive likelihood ratio | |||
| Total | 9.6 (1.0–95.1) | 17.3 (6.1–48.8) | 7.2 (2.8–18.9) |
| High quality | 8.5 (0.3–255.7) | 17.7 (3.4–91.8) | 4.4 (1.4–13.8) |
| Average quality | 9.6 (1.8–51.9) | 16.6 (5.4–50.8) | 24.3 (0.9–631.9) |
| Negative likelihood ratio | |||
| Total | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 0.45 (0.4–0.5) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) |
| High quality | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) |
| Average quality | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.1 (0.0–0.21) |
| Diagnostic OR | |||
| Total | 27.0 (9.8–73.9) | 44.7 (17.9–111.5) | 44.6 (13.0–153.5) |
| High quality | 28.0 (7.4–106.3) | 53.9 (12.7–229.1) | 16.4 (4.2–64.8) |
| Average quality | 25.5 (4.4–159.7) | 32.3 (10.0–104.3) | 249.1 (75.5–822) |
| Positive predictive value | |||
| Total | 96.3 (96.2–96.4) | 99.4 (99.3–99.5) | 93.4 (93.3–93.5) |
| High quality | 96.0 (95.9–96.1) | 99.3 (99.2–99.4) | 91.4 (91.3–91.5) |
| Average quality | 97.3 (97.0–97.6) | 99.6 (99.5–99.8) | 97.5 (97.4–97.6) |
| Negative predictive value | |||
| Total | 55.9 (55.8–56.0) | 52.0 (51.9–52.1) | 75.4 (75.3–75.5) |
| High quality | 57.9 (57.8–57.9) | 58.9 (58.8–59.0) | 75.0 (74.9–75.1) |
| Average quality | 42.5 (42.1–42.9) | 35.7 (35.6–35.8) | 76.8 (76.5–77.0) |
| Youden index (J) | |||
| Total | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.73 |
| High quality | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.69 |
| Average quality | 0.59 | 0.48 | 0.84 |
| Efficiency | |||
| Total | 72.8 (72.7–72.9) | 70.3 (70.2–70.4) | 85.75 (85.7–85.8) |
| High quality | 73.0 (72.9–73.1) | 74.55 (74.5–74.6) | 83.7 (83.6–83.8) |
| Average quality | 71.9 (71.7–72.1) | 60.0 (59.9–60.1) | 91.3 (91.2–91.4) |
| Prevalence% (95% CI) | |||
| Total | 66.0 (65.9–66.1) | 67.8 (67.7–67.9) | 64.2 (64.2–64.3) |
| High quality | 63.5 (63.4–63.6) | 63.6 (63.5–63.7) | 60.2 (60.1–60.3) |
| Average quality | 78.8 (78.7–79.0) | 77.7 (77.6–77.8) | 75.2 (75.1–75.3) |