Chromatin potentiates transcription. Equal amounts of repressed PHO5 chromatin or naked DNA were transcribed with pol II, GTFs, TFIIS, Pho4, Mediator, SAGA, and SWI/SNF in the combinations indicated below the bars at the levels indicated above the bars. Promoter-dependent transcription levels were normalized to the value obtained from the naked DNA reaction with the complete set of transcription proteins.