Table S1.
List of Hordeum, Pseudoroegneria, and other Triticeae accessions used in the study
| Species | Accession | Genome | Origin | Collector/expedition |
| Hordeum | ||||
| Sect. Stenostachys | ||||
| 1. Hordeum bogdanii Wilensky | BCC2063 | I | Pakistan, Gilgit | R. von Bothmer 1983 |
| 2. Hordeum bogdanii Wilensky | BCC2070 | I | China, Xinjiang | C. Baden and B. Salomon 1987 |
| 3. Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link | BCC2016 | I | Tajikistan, Gissar Mountains | B. Salomon and B. R. Lu 1991 |
| 4. Hordeum brevisubulatum Link ssp. violaceum (Boiss. & A. Huet) Tzvelev | USDA401374 | I | Iran | D. Dewey 1972 |
| 5. Hordeum californicum Covas & Stebbins | BCC2057 | I | United States, California | R. von Bothmer 1990 |
| 6. Hordeum californicum Covas & Stebbins | BCC2058 | I | United States, California | R. von Bothmer 1990 |
| 7. Hordeum chilense Roemer & Schultes | CN27413 | I | Argentina, Neuquen | B. R. Baum 1979 |
| 8. Hordeum chilense Roemer & Schultes | GRA1000 | I | Unknown | Dr. Schrader, Quedlinburg |
| 9. Hordeum comosum Presl | JB292A | I | Argentina, Santa Cruz | S. Jakob and F. Blattner 2005 |
| 10. Hordeum comosum Presl | JB412 | I | Argentina, Chubut | S. Jakob and F. Blattner 2006 |
| 11. Hordeum cordobense Bothmer, Jacobsen & Nicora | BCC2039 | I | Argentina, Cordoba | R. von Bothmer 1979 |
| 12. Hordeum cordobense Bothmer, Jacobsen & Nicora | BCC2067 | I | Argentina, Mendoza | O. Seberg, A. M. Molina, and R. Neumann 1989 |
| 13. Hordeum erectifolium Bothmer, Jacobsen & Jørgensen | BCC2026 | I | Argentina, Buenos Aires | N. Jacobsen 1978 |
| 14. Hordeum euclaston Steud. | BCC2022 | I | Argentina, Buenos Aires | N. Jacobsen 1978 |
| 15. Hordeum euclaston Steud. | BCC2029 | I | Argentina, Santa Cruz | N. Jacobsen 1979 |
| 16. Hordeum flexuosum Nees ex Steud. | BCC2023 | I | Argentina, Buenos Aires | N. Jacobsen 1978 |
| 17. Hordeum flexuosum Nees ex Steud. | JB208A | I | Argentina, Buenos Aires | S. Jakob and F. Blattner 2004 |
| 18. Hordeum intercedens Nevski | BCC2044 | I | United States, California | G. Bailey and N. Jacobsen 1980 |
| 19. Hordeum intercedens Nevski | BCC2059 | I | Mexico, San Quentin | B. R. Baum and G. Bailey 1985 |
| 20. Hordeum muticum J. Presl | BCC2014 | I | Bolivia, Oruro | L. van Soest 1980 |
| 21. Hordeum muticum J. Presl | BCC2042 | I | Argentina, Tucuman | R. von Bothmer 1979 |
| 22. Hordeum patagonicum (Haumann) Covas ssp. magellanicum (Parodi & Nicora) Bothmer, Giles & Jacobsen | BCC2065 | I | Argentina, Santa Cruz | O. Seberg 1987 |
| 23. Hordeum patagonicum (Haumann) Covas ssp. mustersii (Nicora) Bothmer, Giles & Jacobsen | BCC2033 | I | Argentina, Santa Cruz | N. Jacobsen 1979 |
| 24. Hordeum patagonicum (Haumann) Covas ssp. patagonicum | BCC2031 | I | Argentina, Santa Cruz | N. Jacobsen 1979 |
| 25. Hordeum patagonicum (Haumann) Covas ssp. patagonicum | BCC2064 | I | Argentina, Santa Cruz | O. Seberg and S. Diemar 1986 |
| 26. Hordeum patagonicum (Haumann) Covas ssp. setifolium (Parodi & Nicora) Bothmer, Giles & Jacobsen | BCC2032 | I | Argentina, Santa Cruz | N. Jacobsen 1979 |
| 27. Hordeum patagonicum (Haumann) Covas ssp. setifolium (Parodi & Nicora) Bothmer, Giles & Jacobsen | BCC2038 | I | Argentina, Chubut | B. R. Baum 1979 |
| 28. Hordeum pubiflorum Hook. f. | BCC2068 | I | Bolivia, Quijarro | P. Peterson, R. J. Soreng, and S. Laegaard |
| 29. Hordeum pubiflorum Hook. f. | BCC2028 | I | Argentina, Neuquen | N. Jacobsen 1979 |
| 30. Hordeum pusillum Nutt. | BCC2043 | I | United States, Colorado | G. Bailey and N. Jacobsen 1980 |
| 31. Hordeum pusillum Nutt. | BCC2049 | I | United States, New Mexico | R. von Bothmer and G. Bailey 1980 |
| 32. Hordeum roshevitzii Bowden | BCC2015 | I | Russia, Altai, Bashelakskij Mountains | R. von Bothmer and B. Salomon 1990 |
| 33. Hordeum roshevitzii Bowden | BCC2069 | I | China, Sichuan | Chinese–Swedish expedition no. 860150, 1986 |
| 34. Hordeum stenostachys Godr. | BCC2021 | I | Argentina, Buenos Aires | N. Jacobsen 1978 |
| 35. Hordeum stenostachys Godr. | BCC2041 | I | Argentina, La Rioja | R. von Bothmer 1979 |
| Sect. Marina | ||||
| 36. Hordeum marinum Huds. ssp. gussoneanum (Parl.) Thell. | BCC2005 | Xa | Spain, Lagrosan | N. Jacobsen 1977 |
| 37. Hordeum marinum Huds. ssp. gussoneanum (Parl.) Thell. | BCC2012 | Xa | Bulgaria, Dimitrovgrad | R. von Bothmer 1977 |
| 38. Hordeum marinum Huds. ssp. marinum | BCC2001 | Xa | Greece, Kikladhes Islands | S. Snogerup and R. von Bothmer 1968 |
| 39. Hordeum marinum Huds. ssp. marinum | BCC2006 | Xa | Spain, Toledo | N. Jacobsen 1977 |
| Sect. Trichostachys | ||||
| 40. Hordeum murinum L. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev | BCC2002 | Xu | Tunisia, Faid | H. Scholtz 1968 |
| 41. Hordeum murinum L. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev | BCC2017 | Xu | Tajikistan, Zeravshan Mountains | B. Salomon and B. R. Lu 1991 |
| Sect. Hordeum | ||||
| 42. Hordeum bulbosum (4x) L. | GRA970 | H | Greece | R. von Bothmer |
| 43. Hordeum bulbosum L. | BCC2061 | H | Italy | R. von Bothmer 1994 |
| 44. Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell. | F2097 | H | Uzbekistan | R. Fritsch |
| 45. Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare | HOR3094 | H | United States | Beltsville: CI7574 |
| Pseudoroegneria | ||||
| 1. Pseudoroegneria gracillima (Nevski) Á. Löve | USDA440000 | St | Russia, Stavropol | D. Dewey 1977 |
| 2. Pseudoroegneria libanotica (Hack.) D.R.Dewey | USDA228389 | St | Iran, Sanandaj | H. Gentry 1955 |
| 3. Pseudoroegneria libanotica (Hack.) D.R.Dewey | USDA401274 | St | Iran, Sanandaj | D. Dewey 1972 |
| 4. Ps. spicata (Pursh) Á. Löve | USDA632464 | St | United States, Colorado | T. Jones |
| 5. Ps. spicata (Pursh) Á. Löve | USDA563869 | St | United States, Oregon | K. Asay 1980 |
| 6. Pseudoroegneria stipifolia (Czern. ex Nevski) Á. Löve | USDA325181 | St | Russia, Stavropol | W. H. Skrdla,1968 |
| 7. Ps. strigosa (M. Bieb.) Á. Löve | USDA499637 | St | China, Xinjiang | D. Dewey 1983 |
| Other Triticeae | ||||
| 1. Aegilops bicornis Jaub. & Spach | AE1079 | Sb | Jordan | Unknown |
| 2. Aegilops speltoides Tausch | AE747 | S | Turkey | J. Martens |
| 3. Aegilops speltoides Tausch | AE1085 | S | Syria | Unknown |
| 4. Aegilops tauschii Coss. | AE541 | D | Iran | H. Kuckuck 1952 |
| 5. Aegilops tauschii Coss. | AE1039 | D | Tajikistan | Expedition Mittelasien 1990: T 498 |
| 6. Aegilops uniaristata Steud. | AE680 | N | Italy | Expedition S-Italien 1980: 5354 |
| 7. Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. | GRA1009 | P | Russia | K. Hammer 1975 |
| 8. Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy | GRA2991 | V | Greece | Unknown |
| 9. Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski | GRA1120 | F or Xe | Armenia | Dr. Schmiedeknecht 1975 |
| 10. Henrardia persica (Boiss.) C. E. Hubb. | USDA577112 | O | Turkey | Unknown |
| 11. Heteranthelium piliferum Hochst. ex Jaub. & Spach | USDA401351 | Q | Iran, Shiraz | D. Dewey 1972 |
| 12. Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski | USDA598615 | Ns | Kazakhstan | K. Asay, D. Johnson |
| 13. Secale strictum C. Presl ssp. kuprijanovii (Grossh.) K. Hammer | R1108 | R | Kazakhstan | Expedition Mittelasien 1990: K 607 |
| 14. Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski | GRA1126 | Ta | Tajikistan | Expedition Landsorten Tadshik. SSR 1983: 22 |
| 15. Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski | USDA598389 | Ta | Turkey, Sarigol | G. Kimber, R. Metzger 1984 |
| 16. Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D. R. Dewey | USDA531718 | Ee | Tunisia | Unknown |
| 17. Triticum monococcum L. var. hohensteinii Flaksb. | TRI13612 | Am | Georgia | Expedition Landsorten Georg. SSR 1982: 288 |
| 18. Triticum urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan var. turcicum K. Hammer & A. Filat. | TRI17159 | Au | Turkey | B. Johnson 1973 |
BCC, GRA, HOR, TRI, AE, F, and R refer to accessions from the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research GenBank. USDA refers to accessions from the National Genetic Resources Program of the USDA (United States). CN is accession from Plant Genetic Resources Canada (PGR Canada) and JB are accessions from a private collection of F.R.B. Genome designations of Triticeae taxa follow those in ref. 26, and genomes and sectional classification in Hordeum are according to those in ref. 27. All accessions, except for tetraploid H. bulbosum GRA970, are diploids (2n = 14).