. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Marriage Fam. 2016 Sep 15;79(1):161–178. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12354

Table 2.

Fixed Effects Regression Models Predicting the Association Between Relationship Aggression and Parenting Stress (N = 973)

	Mothers				Fathers
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Frequency of aggression
Fathers	.22	.20			.21	.31^**
Fathers	(.12)	(.12)			(.12)	(.12)
Mothers	.20	.11			.17	.16
Mothers	(.11)	(.11)			(.11)	(.11)
Perpetration-victimization type^c
Mutual aggression			.18^***^b	.14^*^b			.09	.09
			(.05)	(.06)			(.05)	(.05)
Mother-only aggression			.09^*^a	.06^a			.11^***	.11^**
			(.04)	(.04)			(.04)	(.04)
Father-only aggression			.19^***	.19^***^b			.18^**	.18^**
			(.05)	(.05)			(.06)	(.05)
Father non-employed^c		.10		.10		−.01		−.04
Father non-employed^c		(.07)		(.07)		(.09)		(.09)
Father employed part-time^c		.18^**		.18^**		−.16^**		−.17^**
Father employed part-time^c		(.06)		(.06)		(.06)		(.06)
Father nonstandard work schedule		.01		.01		.11^***		.10^**
Father nonstandard work schedule		(.03)		(.03)		(.03)		(.03)
Father multiple job holding		.12^*		.14^**		−.03		−.01
Father multiple job holding		(.05)		(.05)		(.04)		(.04)
Father ever in jail		−.08		−.05		−.29		−.27
Father ever in jail		(.14)		(.14)		(.15)		(.15)
Income-to-poverty ratio		−.01^*		−.01^*		.00		.00
Income-to-poverty ratio		(.01)		(.01)		(.01)		(.01)
Mother non-employed^c		.17^**		.18^***		−.09		−.07
Mother non-employed^c		(.05)		(.05)		(.07)		(.06)
Mother employed part-time^c		.11^*		.12^*		−.18^**		−.16^**
Mother employed part-time^c		(.06)		(.05)		(.06)		(.06)
Mother nonstandard work schedule		.09		.09^*		−.20^*		−.20^**
Mother nonstandard work schedule		(.05)		(.05)		(.07)		(.07)
Mother multiple job holding		−.07		−.06		−.03		−.04
Mother multiple job holding		(.07)		(.07)		(.07)		(.07)
Number of children		.05		.05		.05^*		.05^*
Number of children		(.03)		(.03)		(.02)		(.02)
Child health		−.04		−.03		−.01		−.01
		(.08)		(.08)		(.02)		(.02)
Cohabiting^c		.24^**		.25^**		−.18^*		−.18^*
		(.09)		(.09)		(.08)		(.08)
Wave 4^c	−.07^***	−.06^**	−.06^***	−.06^**	−.13^***	−.12^***	−.13^***	−.12^***
	(.02)	(.02)	(.02)	(.02)	(.02)	(.02)	(.02)	(.02)

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001. Unstandardized coefficients are reported, with standard errors in parentheses.

Differences from mutual aggression is significant at p <.05 or less.

Differences from mother-only aggression is significant at p <.05 or less.

Omitted reference categories include: No aggression, father full-time employed, mother full-time employed, married, and wave 3. All models used the national weights.