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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Rev. 2017 Mar;124(2):197–214. doi: 10.1037/rev0000060

Figure 1. Previously reported evidence for metacognitive knowledge in visual working memory.

Figure 1

(A) Trial procedure of the delayed-estimation experiment performed by Rademaker, Tredway, and Tong (2012). On each trial, both a confidence rating and orientation estimate were obtained, allowing the experimenter to sample the joint probability distribution of these two behavioral measures. Reprinted with permission. (B) Raw data: histograms of estimation errors, split by confidence rating (columns) and set size (rows). (C) First summary statistic: histograms of reported confidence rating for set sizes 3 (top) and 6 (bottom). Each bar corresponds to the summed trial count of one of the histograms in panel B. (D) Second summary statistic: circular variance of the error distribution as a function of confidence rating for set sizes 3 (top) and 6 (bottom). Each point corresponds to the width of one of the histograms in panel B. The data shown in panels B–D were published in Rademaker, Tredway, and Tong (2012). All data points represent averages across subjects and error bars represent 1 s.e.m.