Figure 1.

Summary of phylogeny, richness, diversification rates, and character data among animal phyla. Time-calibrated phylogeny of 28 animal phyla based on topology of Dunn et al. (2014) with a root age at ~836 million years (Tree 2 from Wiens 2015b). For each phylum, species richness and diversification rates (in species per million years) are shown, as well as the distributions of five traits that showed significant relationships with diversification rates: dioecy, occupancy of non-marine habitats, parasitism, presence of a skeleton, and vision. Occupancy of terrestrial habitats is not depicted as it is largely redundant with the occupancy of non-marine habitats (Wiens 2015b). Proportions of character states smaller than ~5% are not clearly visible but exact values are shown in Supplementary File S1.