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. 2017 Feb 17;8:14478. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14478

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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Compounds 1o, 2o, and 1c (5 μM each) were administered over 6–13 days before effects were investigated via confocal laser scanning microscopy. (a–c) Untreated schistosome couples exhibiting a smooth tegumental surface with tubercles. (a) The testes are composed of lobes containing spermatogonia and differentiated spermatozoa accumulating in the sperm vesicle. (b) The gut lumen is surrounded by the gastrodermis. (c) The ovary of the female exhibits a bulb-like structure with mature oocytes at the broader, posterior part and immature oocytes at the narrow, anterior part. (d,e) The ootype is the egg-forming organ. (d–i) 1o (9-day treatment); swellings and invaginations occurred at the tegument. Arrows mark aggregates of degradation products of the gastrodermis within the gut lumen. (f) The number of mature oocytes was reduced, some occurred within the anterior part of the ovary, which normally only contains immature oocytes. (g,h) After 13- day treatment, swellings, invaginations and the size of the aggregates increased. (i) No more immature oocytes occurred. (j–o) 2o (5 μM; 6-day treatment); (j) the diameter of the testicular lobes was reduced, the ovary was disorganized. (k,l; arrows) Oedema-like swellings, gastrodermis degradation, and aggregate formation were visible. (m) After 9-day treatment, diameter of the testicular lobes and number of spermatozoa within the seminal vesicle were reduced. (n) The morphology of the ovary was disturbed, (o) and eggs were deformed. (p–u) 1c (5 μM; 9-day treatment); (p) diameter of the testicular lobes and ovary appeared normal, number of mature oocytes was smaller. (p,q) Aggregate-like degradation products of the gastrodermis occurred within the gut lumen; size of aggregates was larger in males (p,q) than in females (r). Gut swelling and tegument invaginations were not obvious. (s) After 13-day treatment, the diameter of the testicular lobes was reduced. (t,u) Gut swelling and tegument invagination appeared. Morphology of ovary was disturbed and number of mature oocytes reduced. (s–u) Degradation aggregates appeared within gut lumen and oesophagus area. After 9 days, precipitates were larger in males (s,t) compared with females (u). E, egg; F, female; G, gut; Ga, gastrodermis; Gy, gynecophoral canal; Hs, head sucker; M, male; T, testis; Te, tegument; Tu, tubercle: O, ovary; Oe, oesophagus; mO, mature oocytes; iO, immature oocytes; Oo, ootype; Sv, seminal vesicle; Vs, ventral sucker. Scale bars, 100 μm, except d (400 μm) and o (50 μm).