Table 1.

Recently identified topoisomerase inhibitors from natural sources.

Compound Name	Source	Target	Type of Inhibitor	References
Lamellarin D	Lamellaria sp.	TOP1 (nuclear and mitochondrial)	Poison	[93-98]
Erybraedin C	Bituminaria bituminosa	TOP1	Catalytic inhibitor	[99, 100]
Bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether (BDDE)	Leathesia nana, Rhodomela confervoides, Rhodomela confervoides	TOP1	Catalytic inhibitor	[101-103]
Thaspine	Croton lechleri	TOP1, TOP2	Catalytic and poison for TOP1, not studied for TOP2	[104, 105]
Evodiamine	Evodia rutaecarpa	TOP1, TOP2	Catalytic inhibitor	[106, 107]
Albanol A	Morus alba	TOP1, TOP2	Not studied	[108]
Alternariol	Alternaria alternate	TOP1, TOP2A, TOP2B	Poison	[110-116]
4-Hydroxyderricin	Angelica keiskei	TOP2	Not studied	[117, 118]
(−)-Xanthatin	Xanthium strumarium	TOP2A	Catalytic inhibitor	[120, 121]
Echinoside A	Holothuria nobilis	TOP2	Interfere with DNA binding and catalytic cycle	[122, 123]
Riccardin D	Dumortiera hirsute	TOP2	Not studied	[125]
Wedelolactone	Wedelia chinensis, Eclipta prostrata	TOP2A	Not studied	[133]
Tricitrinol B	Penicillium citrinum	TOP2A	Poison	[136]
Daurinol	Haplophyllum dauricum	TOP2A	Catalytic inhibitor	[137]
Fisetin	Found in many fruits and vegetables	TOP1, TOP2	Catalytic inhibitor	[142, 143, 145]
Myricetin	Found in many fruits and vegetables	TOP1, TOP2	Poison	[143, 145]
SQDG	Azadirachta indica	TOP1	Catalytic inhibitor	[151]
Plumbagin	Plumbago Zeylanica	TOP1	Not studied	[155]