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. 2017 Feb 23;7:43101. doi: 10.1038/srep43101

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Comparisons in behavioral performance between visual and olfactory attention (n = 11, 5 rats first trained in olfactory task, 6 first in visual task). (b–g) Electrophysiological data (rat no. = 2). (b) Comparisons in activity of an attention-related activated neuron (#5) between different modalities. Top: raster plots of spikes, grey transparent shadow indicates TSI time window; bottom: trend of firing rate in correct trials aligned to the time of trigger onset. (c) Comparisons in firing rate of neuron #5 in the time windows of DA, BA, and AA (see Fig. 3) between visual and olfactory attention (two-way mixed ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser adjustment: time: F(2,188) = 37.26, P = 8.46e-12; time × modality: F(2,188) = 0.81, P = 0.420). (d) Comparisons in firing rate of neuron #5 in the time windows of DA1, DA2, and DA3 (see Fig. 3) between visual and olfactory attention (two-way mixed ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser adjustment: time: F(2,188) = 12.20, P = 1.84e-5; time × modality: F(2,188) = 0.95, P = 0.384). (e) Trend of normalized population activities of attention-related activated neurons in correct trials aligned to the time of trigger onset in visual and olfactory attention (n = 9, proportion = 9.68%). (f) Comparisons in normalized firing rate (see Fig. 3e) of all attention-related activated neurons (same as e) in the time windows of DA, BA, and AA between visual and olfactory attention (two-way ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser adjustment: modality: F(1,8) = 0.14, P = 0.719; time: F(2,16) = 12.59, P = 6.21e-4; modality × time: F(2,16) = 1.41, P = 0.273). (g) Comparisons in normalized firing rate (see Fig. 3e) of all attention-related activated neurons (same as e) in the time windows of DA1, DA2, and DA3 between visual and olfactory attention (two-way ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser adjustment: modality: F(1,8) = 0.01, P = 0.925; time: F(2,16) = 0.10, P = 0.808; modality × time: F(2,16) = 1.62, P = 0.230). The statistic results showed in panel c,d,f, and g were from post hoc simple effect analyses (MANOVA).