Figure 4. Moral-perception and inequity-valuation regions.

(a) Activation of the anterior region of the rostral medial frontal cortex (arMFC) was associated with the perception of the moral traits of others in the money-allocation task. A sagittal view of activation within the right arMFC is illustrated. These examples are based on the t-statistic map of the contrast between switch and no-switch trials in the face-phase, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05 (SVC with the arMFC as the anatomical ROI). (b) Activation of the arMFC in the face-choice task. The contrast for the t-statistic map is the same as that in (a). (c) Activation of the caudate head was associated with the valuation of inequity-aversion in the good other condition of the money-allocation task. A sagittal view of activation within the right caudate head that was positively modulated by the decision utility function is shown (P < 0.05, small volume correction [SVC] with the caudate head as the anatomical region of interest [ROI]). (d) Activation of the anterior insula was associated with the valuation of inequity-aversion in the neutral other condition of the money-allocation task. A sagittal view of activation within the right anterior insula that were negatively modulated by the decision utility function is shown (P < 0.05, SVC with the caudate head as the anatomical ROI). (e) Beta values indicate strengths of the trial-by-trial modulations of the activation levels of the caudate head, insula, and amygdala by the decision utility value of the chosen option. Red, blue, and green bars indicate good, neutral, and bad moral traits of others, respectively. ** and * indicate 1% and 5% significance levels, respectively.