Figure 5. High-resolution images of anti-CD44 antibodies binding 100-nm beads on the membranes of cancer cells.

(a) A dielectric image of the nucleus region of a cancer cell stained with antibody-binding 100-nm beads at an electron beam acceleration of 6 kV, 3,000× magnifications and −32 V bias. (b) An expanded image of the red boxed area in (a) at 10,000× magnification. (c) High-resolution image of the red boxed area in (b) at 30,000× magnification. Clear black spherical particles are dispersed over the whole area. (d) Another image of the cancer cells stained with antibody-binding 100-nm beads at an electron beam acceleration of 6 kV, 3,000× magnification and −32 V bias. (e) An expanded image of the red boxed area at the bottom centre in (d) at 20,000× magnification. (f) High-resolution image of the red boxed area in (d) at the top left at 40,000× magnification. This area also shows 100-nm beads of clear black spheres. (g,h) Pseudo-colour maps of enlarged images of the bead binding areas indicated by red arrows in (f). (i) 3D colour map of (h). The white arrows suggest the anti-CD44 antibody. The scale bars are 2 μm in (a) and (d), 1 μm in (b), 500 nm in (e), 200 nm in (c) and (f), 50 nm in (g) and (i).