Table 2.
Clinical features of T2DM patients and controls.
| T2DM (n = 75) | Controls (n = 45) | P value (<0.05) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 55.55 ± 14.36 | 50.80 ± 12.48 | 0.068 |
| Male (n, %) | 53.33% | 46.67% | 0.572 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.55 ± 6.01 | 25.21 ± 3.34 | 0.171 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.17 ± 18.24 | 127.27 ± 17.64 | 0.151 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.28 ± 13.66 | 71.98 ± 10.21 | 0.001∗∗ |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 93.80 ± 13.04 | 85.08 ± 10.18 | <0.001∗∗ |
| HbA1C (%) | 8.89 ± 2.28 | 5.34 ± 0.36 | <0.001∗∗ |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 8.42 ± 2.91 | 5.50 ± 0.52 | <0.001∗∗ |
| FC-P (ng/mL) | 1.55 ± 0.89 | 1.23 ± 0.52 | 0.03∗ |
| FINS (uIU/mL) | 14.02 ± 10.37 | 6.07 ± 2.68 | <0.001∗∗ |
| HOMA-IR | 4.87 ± 3.27 | 1.49 ± 0.68 | <0.001∗∗ |
| CARTs total score | 3.23 ± 1.67 | 2.04 ± 1.58 | <0.001∗∗ |
| Mean hands ESC (μS) | 73.75 ± 15.25 | 78.36 ± 9.74 | 0.046∗ |
| Mean feet ESC (μS) | 68.13 ± 17.96 | 73.81 ± 9.34 | 0.025∗ |
Data were mean ± SD for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FC-P, fasting C-peptide; FINS, fasting insulin; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; CARTs, cardiovascular reflex tests; ESC, electrochemical skin conductance; P values were for one-way ANOVA or Chi-square tests across the 2 groups. ∗P < 0.05. ∗∗P < 0.001.