Table 3.
Comparison of different indicators in different severity DCAN.
| T2DM | F value | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No-DCAN group (n = 11) | Early-DCAN group (n = 34) | Definite-DCAN group (n = 30) | |||
| Age (yrs) | 48.00 ± 14.89 | 56.56 ± 10.82 | 57.17 ± 17.07 | 1.834 | 0.167 |
| Duration of DM (yrs) | 7.32 ± 9.35 | 9.81 ± 7.56 | 9.03 ± 8.57 | 0.383 | 0.683 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.30 ± 4.32 | 25.61 ± 4.27 | 27.70 ± 7.91 | 0.974 | 0.382 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131.09 ± 15.12 | 133.35 ± 21.52 | 131.23 ± 15.51 | 0.127 | 0.881 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.00 ± 8.33 | 81.12 ± 15.46 | 78.77 ± 13.01 | 0.865 | 0.425 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92.36 ± 10.61 | 92.79 ± 12.37 | 95.47 ± 14.69 | 0.406 | 0.668 |
| Resting Heart rate (bmp) | 71.00 ± 7.48 | 72.62 ± 8.36 | 78.53 ± 10.40 | 0.707 | 0.497 |
| HbA1C (%) | 9.05 ± 2.07 | 8.50 ± 2.21 | 9.28 ± 2.43 | 0.944 | 0.300 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.58 ± 3.15 | 8.11 ± 2.98 | 8.34 ± 2.75 | 1.074 | 0.347 |
| FC-P (ng/mL) | 1.87 ± 0.61 | 1.38 ± 0.90 | 1.63 ± 0.94 | 1.510 | 0.228 |
| FINS (uIU/mL) | 12.43 ± 6.63 | 13.46 ± 4.57 | 15.25 ± 15.25 | 0.382 | 0.684 |
| Mean hands ESC (μS) | 79.73 ± 13.12a∗ | 77.81 ± 14.11c∗ | 67.33 ± 15.37 | 4.916 | 0.010∗ |
| Mean feet ESC (μS) | 72.32 ± 17.64b∗ | 75.91 ± 8.72d∗∗ | 57.77 ± 20.99 | 10.707 | <0.001∗∗ |
Data were mean ± SD for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FC-P, fasting C-peptide; FINS, fasting insulin; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HC, health controls; DCAN, diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; no-DCAN, no diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; ESC, electrochemical skin conductance; F values and P values were for one-way ANOVA across the 3 groups. aP = 0.029; bP = 0.012; cP = 0.005; dP < 0.001, compared with the diagnosed DCAN group. ∗P < 0.05. ∗∗P < 0.001.