Table 2. Demographic variables for each patient group by surgical approach.
| Robotic = 224 (2.6 %) | Laparoscopic = 4394 (50.9 %) | Open = 4016 (46.5 %) | Total = 8633 (100 %) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.6 ± 12.8 | 61.6 ± 13.9 | 65.5 ± 14.2 | 63.5 ± 14.1 | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 124 (55.4 %) | 2328 (53.0 %) | 2113 (52.6 %) | 4565 (52.9 %) | 0.709 |
| Female | 100 (44.6 %) | 2065 (47.0 %) | 1903 (47.4 %) | 4068 (47.1 %) | |
| Charlson–Deyoa | |||||
| 0 | 168 (75.0 %) | 3463 (78.8 %) | 2937 (73.1 %) | 6568 (76.1 %) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 43 (19.2 %) | 717 (16.3 %) | 775 (19.3 %) | 1535 (17.8 %) | |
| 2 | 13 (5.8 %) | 213 (4.8 %) | 304 (7.6 %) | 530 (6.1 %) | |
| Race | |||||
| White | 179 (80.3 %) | 3124 (72.5 %) | 3095 (77.7 %) | 6398 (75.2 %) | <0.001 |
| Black | 17 (7.6 %) | 642 (14.9 %) | 456 (11.5 %) | 1115 (13.1 %) | |
| Native American | 0 (0.0 %) | 13 (0.3 %) | 16 (0.4 %) | 29 (0.3 %) | |
| Asian | 12 (5.4 %) | 233 (5.4 %) | 159 (4.0 %) | 404 (4.7 %) | |
| Hispanic | 14 (6.3 %) | 252 (5.9 %) | 223 (5.6 %) | 489 (5.7 %) | |
| Other | 1 (0.4 %) | 42 (1.0 %) | 32 (0.8 %) | 75 (0.9 %) | |
| Insurance | |||||
| Not insured | 4 (1.8 %) | 113 (2.6 %) | 128 (3.3 %) | 245 (2.9 %) | <0.001 |
| Private | 114 (50.9 %) | 2302 (53.1 %) | 1632 (41.4 %) | 4048 (47.6 %) | |
| Medicaid | 4 (1.8 %) | 255 (5.9 %) | 197 (5.0 %) | 456 (5.4 %) | |
| Medicare | 99 (44.2 %) | 1612 (37.2 %) | 1945 (49.4 %) | 3656 (43.0 %) | |
| Other | 3 (1.3 %) | 56 (1.3 %) | 36 (0.9 %) | 95 (1.1 %) | |
| Incomeb | |||||
| <$30,000 | 17 (8.0 %) | 556 (13.5 %) | 578 (15.4 %) | 1151 (14.2 %) | <0.001 |
| $30,000–34,999 | 35 (16.5 %) | 693 (16.8 %) | 685 (18.2 %) | 1.413 (17.5 %) | |
| $35,000–45,999 | 57 (26.9 %) | 1134 (27.5 %) | 1068 (28.4 %) | 2259 (27.9 %) | |
| >$46,000 | 103 (48.6 %) | 1734 (42.1 %) | 1434 (38.1 %) | 3271 (40.4 %) | |
| Educationc | |||||
| 29 % or more | 25 (11.8 %) | 702 (17.1 %) | 705 (18.7 %) | 1432 (17.7 %) | 0.022 |
| 20–28.9 % | 49 (23.1 %) | 926 (22.5 %) | 890 (23.6 %) | 1865 (23.1 %) | |
| 14–19.9 % | 59 (27.8 %) | 952 (23.1 %) | 869 (23.1 %) | 1880 (23.2 %) | |
| <14 % | 79 (37.3 %) | 1535 (37.3 %) | 1300 (34.5 %) | 2914 (36.0 %) | |
| Geographic setting | |||||
| Metro | 181 (86.2 %) | 3468 (84.8 %) | 3030 (81.1 %) | 6679 (83.1 %) | <0.001 |
| Urban | 27 (12.9 %) | 545 (13.3 %) | 597 (16.0 %) | 1169 (14.5 %) | |
| Rural | 2 (1.0 %) | 79 (1.9 %) | 110 (2.9 %) | 191 (2.4 %) | |
| Distance to hospital (miles) | 67.7 + 641.4 | 26.0 + 160.2 | 31.6 + 176.0 | 29.7 + 195.4 | <0.001 |
| Facility type | |||||
| Community | 6 (2.7 %) | 443 (10.1 %) | 466 (11.7 %) | 915 (10.7 %) | <0.001 |
| Comprehensive | 111 (49.8 %) | 2419 (55.4 %) | 2341 (58.6 %) | 4871 (56.8 %) | |
| Academic | 106 (47.5 %) | 1505 (34.5 %) | 1186 (29.7 %) | 2797 (32.6 %) | |
a
Charlson–Deyo comorbidity score is an estimate of comorbid conditions based on ICD-9 diagnosis codes. A score of 0 indicates no comorbidities. Point values are assigned to comorbid conditions based on severity. The NCDB truncates possible scores to 0, 1 and 2 (>1) due to the small proportion of cases exceeding a score of 2
b
Income as reported by the NCDB is the median household income for the area of residence of a given patient based on zip code derived from the 2000 US Census
c
Education as reported by the NCDB is the percentage of adults in the area of residence of a given patient (based on zip code derived from the 2000 US Census) who did not graduate from high school