Table 1. Resist Diabetes: Participant characteristics at Baseline and at Randomization (Month 3).
| At Baseline (n = 170) | At Randomization | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard (N = 80) | SCT (N = 79) | ||
| Age (years) | 59.5 ±5.4 | 59.7 ±5.1 | 59.6 ±5.6 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 124 (73%) | 57 (71%) | 58 (73%) |
| Male | 46 (27%) | 23 (29%) | 21 (27%) |
| Weight (kg) | 93.31 ±13.82 | 93.74 ±14.62 | 92.85 ±13.47 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.95 ±3.77 | 33.02 ±3.87 | 32.99 ±3.93 |
| Blood Pressure (BP) | |||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 131 ±15 | 130 ±13 | 127 ±13 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76 ±9 | 74 ±9 | 73 ±8 |
| Body composition | |||
| Fat percent (%) | 43.83 ±6.95 | 43.24 ±6.71 | 43.07 ±6.91 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 40.61 ±8.36 | 40.10 ±8.57 | 39.62 ±8.07 |
| Fat-free percent (%) | 56.16 ±6.96 | 56.76 ±6.71 | 56.93 ±6.91 |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 52.09 ±10.37 | 52.72 ±10.77 | 52.72 ±10.69 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 109.08 ±10.31 | 108.90 ±10.63 | 107.56 ±10.67 |
| Strength | |||
| Chest press 3RM (kg) | 33.64 ±11.56 | 43.49 ±15.10 | 42.14 ±14.63 |
| Leg press 3RM (kg) | 140.99 ±35.90 | 167.23 ±37.63 | 165.44 ±41.20 |
| Blood measures | |||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 102 ± 8 | 100 ±10 | 102 ±10 |
| 2hr glucose (mg/dL) | 142 ± 36 | 136 ±37 | 133 ±35 |
| Fasting insulin (uIU/mL) | 15.2 ± 12.5 | 16.6 ±12.4 | 16.9 ±10.7 |
| 2hr insulin (uIU/mL) | 139.2 ±122.8 | 140.6 ±122.9 | 136.6 ±116.0 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.83 ±3.28 | 4.17 ±3.29 | 4.34 ±2.83 |
| Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL) | 3.99 ±2.11 | 3.89 ±1.87 | 3.89 ±1.55 |
| 2hr C-peptide (ng/mL) | 16.14 ±8.42 | 17.16 ±7.65 | 16.56 ±7.16 |
| Prediabetes criteria | |||
| Normal | 0 (0%) | 28 (35%) | 27 (34%) |
| IFG | 81 (48%) | 21 (26%) | 23 (29%) |
| IGT | 21 (12%) | 9 (11%) | 9 (11%) |
| Both IFG & IGT | 68 (40%) | 22 (28%) | 20 (25%) |
| Race | |||
| White | 160 (94%) | 75 (94%) | 74 (94%) |
| Black | 9 (5%) | 5 (6%) | 4 (5%) |
| Other | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3%) |
| Non-Hispanic | 168 (99%) | 80 (100%) | 77 (97%) |
| Education level | |||
| High school | 6 (4%) | 3 (4%) | 1 (1%) |
| College (partial or completed) | 111 (65%) | 52 (65%) | 52 (66%) |
| Grad/professional degree | 53 (31%) | 25 (31%) | 26 (33%) |
| Medications | |||
| Antihypertensives | 82 (48%) | 43 (54%) | 37 (47%) |
| Statins | 52 (31%) | 19 (24%) | 30 (38%) |
| Antidepressants | 41 (24%) | 19 (24%) | 17 (22%) |
| Thyroid medications | 35 (21%) | 10 (13%) | 22 (28%) |
| HRT | 14 (8%) | 8 (10%) | 6 (8%) |
| Blood thinners | 6 (4%) | 4 (5%) | 2 (3%) |
| Inhalers | 5 (3%) | 4 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Eye disease medications | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Glucocorticoids | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) |
| Insulin-sensitizing medication | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
Variables expressed as means±SD or frequency (%).
Abbreviations used: BMI, body mass index; RM, repetition maximum; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; IFG = impaired fasting glucose; IGT = impaired glucose tolerance; HRT = hormone replacement therapy.
SI conversion: To convert glucose to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555; insulin to pmol/L, multiply by 6.945; C-peptide to nmol/L, multiply by 0.331.