Table 1.
Risk Factors at Presentation Stratified by Sex in Younger Patients with AMI.*
| Total Sample (N=42518) |
Men (N=31303, 74%) |
Women (N=11215, 26%) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographics (%) | ||||
| Age: Mean±SD | 53.9±7.6 | 53.6±7.6 | 54.6±7.5 | <.001 |
| Race (%) | ||||
| White | 23848 (56.1) | 17902 (57.2) | 5946 (53.0) | |
| Black | 3475 (8.2) | 2025 (6.5) | 1450 (12.9) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 8536 (20.1) | 6206 (19.8) | 2330 (20.8) | |
| Other | 6659 (15.7) | 5170 (16.5) | 1489 (13.3) | |
| Insurance Status (%) | ||||
| Medicare | 5247 (12.3) | 3413 (10.9) | 1834 (16.4) | |
| Medicaid | 6009 (14.1) | 3678 (11.8) | 2331 (20.8) | <.001 |
| Private insurance | 23550 (55.4) | 18173 (58.1) | 5377 (47.9) | |
| Other | 7712 (18.1) | 6039 (19.3) | 1673 (14.9) | |
|
| ||||
| CV Risk Factors (%) | ||||
| Acute coronary syndrome | 3196 (7.5) | 2036 (6.5) | 1160 (10.3) | <.001 |
| Congestive Heart failure | 3214 (7.6) | 1855 (5.9) | 1359 (12.1) | <.001 |
| Diabetes and Complications | 15092 (35.5) | 10117 (32.3) | 4975 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 847 (1.9) | 479 (1.5) | 368 (3.3) | <.001 |
| Stroke | 338 (0.8) | 193 (0.6) | 145 (1.3) | <.001 |
| Anterior Myocardial Infarction | 7024 16.5) | 5652 (18.1) | 1372 (12.2) | <.001 |
| Other Location of AMI | 10126 23.8) | 8081 (25.8) | 2045 (18.2) | <.001 |
| Angina pectoris/old AMI | 6488 (15.3) | 4635 (14.8) | 1853 (16.5) | <.001 |
| Coronary atherosclerosis | 34970 (82.3) | 26427 (84.4) | 8543(76.2) | <.001 |
| Valvular/Rheumatic Heart Disease | 2841 (6.7) | 1754 (5.6) | 1087 (9.7) | <.001 |
| Arrhythmias | 2015 (4.7) | 1303 (4.2) | 712 (6.4) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Procedures (%) | ||||
| Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty | 6242 (14.7) | 4714 (15.1) | 1528 (13.6) | <.001 |
| Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery | 1963 (4.6) | 1427 (4.6) | 536 (4.8) | .34 |
|
| ||||
| Co-morbidities (%) | ||||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 5172 (12.2) | 3306 (10.6) | 1866 (16.6) | <.001 |
| Pneumonia | 2781 (6.5) | 1741(5.6) | 1040 (9.3) | <.001 |
| Asthma | 2088 (4.9) | 1111(3.6) | 977 (8.7) | <.001 |
| Renal Failure | 2998 (7.1) | 1739 (5.6) | 1259 (11.2) | <.001 |
| End-stage renal disease or dialysis | 1068 (2.5) | 581 (1.9) | 487 (4.3) | <.001 |
| Vascular or Circulatory Disease | 2373 (5.6) | 1387 (4.4) | 986 (8.8) | <.001 |
| Other urinary tract disorders | 2120 (4.9) | 1554 (4.9) | 566 (5.1) | .73 |
| Disorders of fluid/electrolyte/acid-base | 3887 (9.1) | 2263 (7.2) | 1624 (14.5) | <.001 |
| History of infection | 1607(3.8) | 913 (2.9) | 694 (6.2) | <.001 |
| Metastatic Cancer and Acute Leukemia | 253 (0.6) | 132 (0.4) | 121 (1.1) | <.001 |
| Cancer | 964 (2.3) | 599 (1.9) | 365 (3.3) | <.001 |
| Iron deficiency and/or Anemia | 8603 (20.2) | 5240 (16.7) | 3363 (29.9) | <.001 |
| Decubitus ulcer or chronic skin ulcer | 921 (2.2) | 526 (1.67) | 395 (3.5) | <.001 |
| Protein-Calorie Malnutrition | 745 (1.8) | 446 (1.4) | 299 (2.7) | <.001 |
| Hemiplegia, Paralysis, Disability | 1098 (2.6) | 700 (2.2) | 398 (3.6) | <.001 |
| Dementia and Senility | 343 (0.8) | 197 (0.6) | 146 (1.3) | <.001 |
| Major psychiatric disorders | 1583 (3.7) | 913 (2.9) | 670 (5.9) | <.001 |
| Drug and alcohol abuse | 1663 (3.9) | 1274 (4.1) | 389 (3.5) | .01 |
|
| ||||
| LOS/Primary Discharge Disposition | ||||
| LOS, Mean ± SD | 4.53±5.8 | 4.4±6.0 | 4.9±6.4 | <.001 |
| LOS, Median (Q1, Q3) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | <.001 |
| Routine (home) | 38088 (89.6) | 28293 (90.3) | 9795 (87.3) | |
| Transfer other including SNF/ICF | 1642 (3.8) | 1074 (3.4) | 568 (5.0) | <.001 |
| HHC | 2694 (6.3) | 1870 (5.9) | 824 (7.3) | |
| Alive but place unknown | 93 (0.2) | 65 (0.2) | 28 (0.3) | |
CV= cardiovascular, AMI= acute myocardial infarction, SNF= skilled nursing facility, ICF= intermediate care facility, HHC= home health care, LOS= length of stay
*
The information about the patient’s cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities were captured from the diagnosis codes in the hospitalization within one-year prior to the secondary diagnosis codes in the current hospitalization. Potential complications in the current hospitalization were excluded.