Table 1.
Patient Characteristics by Gender
| Women n = 1987 |
Men n = 964 |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics/Socioeconomic Characteristics | |||
| Age, median (IQR) (Years) | 48 (44, 52) | 48 (44, 52) | |
| Race | <0.001 | ||
| Black | 21% | 11% | |
| White | 73 | 82% | |
| Other | 6% | 7% | |
| Has health insurance | 78% | 75% | <0.05 |
| Insurance payer | <0.001 | ||
| Private health insurance (commercial/PPO, HMO) | 50% | 58% | |
| Medicare | 8% | 6% | |
| Medicaid | 11% | 4% | |
| Veterans Affairs | <1 % | 1% | |
| Other | 9% | 6% | |
| Insurance status | <0.001 | ||
| Adequately insured | 37% | 42% | |
| Underinsured | 41% | 33% | |
| Not insured | 22% | 25% | |
| Number of dependents, median | 2 | 3 | <0.001 |
| Marital status | <0.001 | ||
| With partner | 52% | 62% | |
| Without partner | 47% | 37% | |
| Other | 1% | <1% | |
| Education status | 0.75 | ||
| Unknown | <1% | <1% | |
| < high school | 2% | 2% | |
| Some high school | 41% | 41% | |
| > high school | 56% | 56% | |
| Employment status | <0.001 | ||
| Working full-time | 43% | 65% | |
| Working part-time | 13% | 7% | |
| Not working | 44% | 28% | |
| Depression diagnosis prior to AMI | 49% | 24% | <0.001 |
| Major psychiatric disorder | 6% | 2% | <0.001 |
| Perceived stress level by PSS-14, median | 27 | 24 | <0.001 |
| Low social support by ESSI-7, median | 27 | 28 | 0.05 |
|
| |||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 14% | 6% | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 40% | 27% | <0.001 |
| Renal dysfunction | 13% | 9% | <0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia | 66% | 72% | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | 67% | 65% | 0.18 |
| Prior peripheral artery disease | 3% | 2% | 0.57 |
| Prior angina/stable CAD | 28% | 26% | 0.36 |
| Family history of CAD | 74% | 73% | 0.75 |
| Prior cardiac catheterization | 23% | 22% | 0.53 |
| Congestive heart failure | 6% | 3% | <0.001 |
| Sleep apnea | 5% | 6% | 0.44 |
| Alcohol abuse | 5% | 11% | <0.001 |
| Smoked within last 30 days | 58% | 56% | 0.46 |
| Cocaine use | 5% | 5% | 0.94 |
| Illicit drug use | 8% | 9% | 0.81 |
| Body mass index, median | 31 | 30 | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Clinical characteristics at AMI admission | |||
| ST-segment elevation | 46% | 58% | <0.001 |
| Ejection fraction <40% | 11% | 11% | 0.49 |
| Killip class at arrival | <0.01 | ||
| I | 90% | 92% | |
| II or III or IV | 5% | 2% | |
| Unknown | 5% | 5% | |
| No chest pain, | 5% | 6% | 0.31 |
| Arrival to hospital within regular work hours | 36% | 33% | 0.20 |
IQR = interquartile range
PPO = preferred provider organization
HMO = health maintenance organization
PSS-14 = 14-item Perceived Stress Scale
ESSI-7 = 7-item Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD)
Social Support Inventory
CAD = coronary artery disease
AMI = acute myocardial infraction