Table1.
Demographics, Clinical Condition, Laboratory Results, and Baselines Treatments Stratified Based on Neighborhood Socioeconomic Groups
| Total (N=1557) |
Low SES (N=524) |
Middle SES (N=516) |
High SES (N=517) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years, SD) | 61.1 (15.2) | 57.6 (13.9) | 59.1 (14.9) | 66.6 (15.2) | <0.0001 |
| Female (%) | 42.2 | 46.0 | 39.3 | 41.2 | 0.0808 |
| Race | <0.0001 | ||||
| White (%) | 49.2 | 33.4 | 49.4 | 65.0 | |
| Black (%) | 39.6 | 62.2 | 39.5 | 16.6 | |
| Other (%) | 11.2 | 4.4 | 11.0 | 18.4 | |
| Individual SES | |||||
| Insurance | <0.0001 | ||||
| Commercial, PPO, HMO (%) | 34.9 | 23.9 | 34.7 | 46.2 | |
| Medicare (%) | 34.8 | 34.7 | 33.7 | 36.0 | |
| Medicaid (%) | 13.0 | 17.0 | 14.7 | 7.4 | |
| None/self-pay (%) | 11.9 | 18.1 | 10.7 | 6.8 | |
| Other (%) | 5.4 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 3.7 | |
| Reported annual household income | <0.0001 | ||||
| <$10,000 (%) | 28.2 | 39.8 | 28.5 | 15.1 | |
| $10,000–29,999 (%) | 35.2 | 41.4 | 36.3 | 27.5 | |
| $30,000–69,999 (%) | 27.6 | 17.2 | 29.6 | 37.0 | |
| >$70,000 (%) | 9.0 | 1.5 | 5.6 | 20.4 | |
| Education | <0.0001 | ||||
| High school or less (%) | 61.0 | 75.0 | 61.0 | 47.0 | |
| Some college or vocational school (%) | 24.5 | 18.8 | 28.0 | 26.9 | |
| Graduated from college (%) | 9.3 | 4.9 | 7.8 | 15.2 | |
| Post graduate degree (%) | 5.2 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 10.8 | |
| Clinical condition and co-morbidities at baseline | |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2; mean, SD) | 26.6 (11.4) | 28.0 (11.5) | 27.1 (11.3) | 24.7 (11.0) | <.0001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 77.4 | 84.2 | 74.8 | 73.1 | <.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 46.6 | 48.1 | 48.1 | 43.5 | 0.2367 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 52.0 | 50.2 | 53.3 | 52.6 | 0.5739 |
| Smoking Status | 0.0002 | ||||
| Current smoker (%) | 35.2 | 31.1 | 34.6 | 39.8 | |
| Never smoked cigarettes, not even a puff (%) | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 2.6 | |
| Smoked in the past, but less than 100\n cigarettes total (%) | 39.8 | 38.5 | 37.4 | 43.3 | |
| Stopped smoking more than 1 year ago (%) | 10.6 | 12.3 | 10.5 | 9.0 | |
| Stopped smoking between 1 month ago and 1 year ago (%) | 10.5 | 13.4 | 13.1 | 5.3 | |
| Smoked (even a puff) in the past 30 days (%) | 35.2 | 31.1 | 34.6 | 39.8 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 40.7 | 36.3 | 39.0 | 47.0 | 0.0012 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 42.5 | 45.7 | 41.6 | 40.0 | 0.1842 |
| Chronic lung disease | 21.2 | 21.6 | 22.7 | 19.3 | 0.4103 |
| NYHA class | 0.0003 | ||||
| I | 6.0 | 8.0 | 5.2 | 4.6 | |
| II | 37.0 | 35.7 | 31.4 | 43.9 | |
| III | 50.5 | 49.4 | 55.4 | 46.8 | |
| IV | 6.5 | 6.9 | 7.9 | 4.6 | |
| Left Ventricular ejection fraction <40% | 70.4 | 75.0 | 72.5 | 63.3 | 0.0001 |
| Laboratory | |||||
| Hemoglobin (gr/dl; mean, SD) | 12.4 (2.1) | 12.3 (2.0) | 12.4 (2.1) | 12.4 (2.1) | 0.6255 |
| Plasma creatinine (mg/dl; mean, SD) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.7) | 0.2512 |
| Serum potassium (meq/lit, mean, SD) | 4.1 (0.6) | 4.0 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.6) | 4.1 (0.6) | 0.1031 |
| Baseline treatments | 49.1 | 50.5 | 47.1 | 49.7 | 0.5572 |
| ACEIs or ARBs | 58.0 | 60.0 | 56.1 | 57.8 | 0.4925 |
| Beta blocks | 23.4 | 22.5 | 25.1 | 22.5 | 0.5663 |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 19.5 | 16.8 | 22.2 | 19.5 | 0.1278 |
| Digoxin | 5.3 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 7.7 | 0.0106 |
| CRT | 24.5 | 24.2 | 27.1 | 22.2 | 0.1854 |
| ICD | 49.7 | 46.0 | 52.1 | 51.1 | 0.1061 |
| Telemonitoring | 49.1 | 50.5 | 47.1 | 49.7 | 0.5572 |
ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker, HMO: Health Maintenance Organization, PPO: Preferred Provider Organization, SD: standard deviation, SES: Socioeconomic Status.