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. 2016 Aug 31;7(40):65429–65440. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.11748

Figure 1. Exercise normalizes tumor vasculature.

Figure 1

(A, B) Representative images of anti-CD31 immunofluorescence on (A) B16F10 or (B) PDAC-4662 tumors with DAPI staining to visualize the nucleus. After B16F10 or PDAC-4662 tumors were palpable, mice were randomized into treadmill running or no exercise groups. 21 days later, tumors were harvested. Microvessel density (MVD), the number of vessels > 100 μm (large), the number of visible lumens and the average vessel length, and were counted in 5 random sections/tumor and averaged to obtain a value per tumor, *p < 0.05, n = 5–6 per group, Bars = 100 μm. (C) Representative images of anti-CD31 immunofluorescence and isolectin-B4 positive vessels from PDAC-4662 tumors. When tumors were palpable, PDAC-4662 tumor-bearing mice were treated with gemcitabine with or without daily treadmill running for two weeks. Prior to euthanasia, mice were injected with isolectin-B4. Quantification of Isolectin-B4 (red) and CD31 (green) double positive vessels is shown on the right with double positive vessels quantified in 5 sections/tumor and shown as the mean +/− S.E.M., n = 4 per group, *p < 0.05, Bars = 100 μm.