Table VII.
IQ, years of schooling, and income at 30 years, according to conditional growth in childhood
| Regression coefficient (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IQ (points) | Years of schooling | Monthly income (R$) | ||||
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | |
| Conditional lengthat 2 years (z-score) | P < .001* | P < .001* | P < .001* | P < .001* | P < .001* | P = .06† |
| ≤−1 | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) |
| −0.99to−0.01 | 4.36(2.90to5.83) | 2.11(0.79to3.42) | 1.50(1.03to1.97) | 0.73(0.32to1.13) | 336(115to558) | 106(−105to317) |
| 0.00to0.99 | 7.95(6.48to9.41) | 3.98(2.64to5.32) | 2.68(2.22to3.15) | 1.30(0.89to1.72) | 458(236to680) | 33(−183to249) |
| ≥1 | 10.52(8.79to12.24) | 4.41(2.79to6.02) | 3.80(3.25to4.35) | 1.62(1.12to2.12) | 961(700to1221) | 299(39to558) |
| Conditional relative weightat 2 years(z-score) | P = .02* | P = .04* | P = .004† | P = .04† | P = .02* | P = .05* |
| ≤−1 | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) |
| −0.99to−0.01 | 1.08(−0.37to2.53) | 0.26(−1.03to1.55) | 0.57(0.11to1.03) | 0.26(−0.14to0.66) | 61(−159to280) | −38(−245to170) |
| 0.00to0.99 | 1.30(−0.17to2.77) | 0.60(−0.71to1.91) | 0.84(0.37to1.30) | 0.54(0.14to0.95) | 184(−39to407) | 91(−120to301) |
| ≥1 | 2.09(0.38to3.81) | 1.49(−0.04to3.01) | 0.78(0.24to1.33) | 0.50(0.03to0.97) | 258(−1to518) | 170(−76to416) |
| Conditional heightat 4 years(z-score) | P < .001† | P = .51† | P < .001† | P = .56† | P < .001† | P = .15† |
| ≤−1 | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) |
| −0.99to−0.01 | 2.05(0.58to3.52) | 0.63(−0.68to1.95) | 0.68(0.22to1.15) | 0.14(−0.27to0.54) | 367(145to589) | 214(3to425) |
| 0.00to0.99 | 3.03(1.55to4.51) | 1.03(−0.31to2.36) | 0.98(0.51to1.45) | 0.22(−0.19to0.63) | 461(237to686) | 243(29to457) |
| ≥1 | 2.50(0.76to4.24) | 0.74(−0.83to2.31) | 0.71(0.15to1.26) | −0.03(−0.51to0.45) | 376(112to639) | 179(−73to431) |
| Conditional relative weight4 years(z-score) | P = .07* | P = .15† | P = .09* | P = .24* | P = .15† | P = .17† |
| ≤−1 | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) | Reference(0) |
| −0.99to−0.01 | −0.30(−1.81to1.20) | 0.05(−1.30to1.39) | −0.24(−0.72to0.24) | −0.10(−0.51to0.32) | −15(−243to214) | 34(−182to250) |
| 0.00to0.99 | −0.14(−1.69to1.41) | 0.17(−1.21to1.55) | −0.24(−0.74to0.25) | −0.11(−0.54to0.31) | 151(−84to386) | 187(−35to409) |
| ≥1 | −1.99(−3.80to−0.17) | −1.33(−2.95to0.29) | −0.57(−1.15to0.01) | −0.32(−0.82to0.18) | −65(−341to210) | 23(−238to284) |
Adjusted for family income at birth, parental years of schooling, household index score, maternal skin color, maternal smoking during pregnancy, birthweight and breastfeeding duration.
*
Test for linear trend.
†
Test for heterogeneity.