Table 1.
Demographics and co-morbid conditions of study population
| Clinical data | SO−D− (5) | SO+D− (7) | SO+D+ (15) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Gender (Male/ Female) |
1/4 | 1/6 | 6/9 | |
| Age (year) | 44.4 ± 15.02 | 36.71 ± 6.79 | 45.28 ± 10.17 | |
| BMI | 26.46 ± 1.71 | 46.95 ± 7.82 | 47.60 ± 9.31 | NS |
| Height (feet' inches") |
5.64 ± 0.20 | 5.34 ± 0.26 | 5.65 ± 0.28 | |
| Weight (pounds) | 150.70 ± 8.92 | 284.57 ± 55.38 | 312.69 ± 81.60 | |
| Co-morbid conditions | ||||
| Hypertension | 1 (20%) | 4 (57.1) | 13 (86.7%) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | -- | 1 (14.3%) | 6 (40%) | |
| Sleep apnea | -- | 2 (28.6%) | 9 (60%) | NS |
| Smokers | Former- 3 (60%) No - 2 (40%) |
Former- 4 (57.1%) No - 3 (42.8%) |
Former- 7 (46.6) No - 8 (53.3%) |
|
Demographics and co-morbidities were compared between SO+D− and SO+D+ subjects using student t-test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test or Pearson’s χ2 for categorical variables. A total of 22 subjects with obesity were enrolled as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria: All subjects with morbid obesity (BMI >40 and BMI <65) (age >21 years and <65 years) who were undergoing bariatric surgery. Exclusion criteria: Patients with prior systemic inflammatory conditions (SLE, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis), malignant conditions and patients on immunosuppressive medications were not included in the study. Patients on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents were advised to discontinue at least 1-week before the surgery or switched to another pain medication. The subjects required to quit smoking at least three months or even in some cases more than a year ago before the surgery were included in the study. Blood nicotine levels were checked to ensure the subjects were quit before they were allowed to continue in the program. These levels were also checked every month after to ensure that these subjects did not relapse. Not significant (NS), data for age, body mass index (BMI), height and weight are presented as mean values ± SD; the sample size is shown as number (percentage). Data in co-morbid condition show number of subjects (%) in that group. Abbreviations: SO−D− = subjects without obesity and diabetes; SO+D− = subjects with obesity but not diabetes; SO+D+ = subjects with obesity and diabetes.