Table 1.
The Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria of the Study Groups (OSCC= Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma).
| Groups | Inclusion Criteria- Patient who.... | Exclusion Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| A: OSCC | 1. Had pathology reports of OSCC and had oral lesions of OSCC at the time of saliva collection. | Subjects who had... 1. Used any corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, for any reason, less than 1 week prior to saliva collection 2. Oral lichen planus, bone marrow transplants, hepatitis C, lupus erythematosus, or Sjögren's syndrome. 3. Had previous radiation therapy to the head and neck area |
| B: Chronic Periodontitis–Moderate to Severe Degree, Non-smokers | 1. Had at least two interproximal sites on different teeth showing clinical attachment level ≥ 4mm, or at least two interproximal sites on different teeth showing pocket depth ≥ 5mm*, and 2. Had had no periodontal treatment within 6 months prior to participation in the study; and 3. Had no previous diagnosis of oral epithelial dysplasia or OSCC; and 4. Stated they are non-smokers† or ex-smokers‡, and consume fewer than 14 alcoholic drinks§ per week. |
|
| C: Chronic Periodontitis-Moderate to Severe Degree, Smokers | 1. Had at least two interproximal sites on different teeth showing clinical attachment level ≥ 4mm, or at least two interproximal sites on different teeth showing pocket depth ≥ 5mm*, and 2. Had had no periodontal treatment within 6 months prior to participation in the study; and 3. Had no previous diagnosis of oral epithelial dysplasia or OSCC; and 4. Stated they are smokers. |
|
| E: Normal Controls (non-OSCC, non-periodontitis) | Subjects who... 1. Had no history of OLP, epithelial dysplasia or OSCC; and 2. Had fewer than 2 interproximal sites with clinical attachment level ≥ 4mm or fewer than 2 interproximal pocket depths ≥ 5mm,* and 3. Stated that they are non-smokers† or ex-smokers‡ and consume fewer than 14 alcoholic drinks§ per week. |
The clinical attachment level refers to the distance between the cemento-enamel junction of the tooth and the base of the gingival sulcus. The pocket depth refers to the distance from the free gingival margin to the bottom of the gingival sulcus. This definition of moderate to severe periodontitis is based on Eke et al. (25)
“Non-smoker” was defined as a person who ha d smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in his/her lifetime and had not smoked at all within one calendar year prior to beginning participation in the study, and who had not smoked pipe or cigar or used smokeless tobacco, for any more than a total of 6 months in their lifetime, and not at all within the calendar year prior to beginning participation in the study (22,23)
“Ex-smoker” was defined as a person whose last smoking or other use of tobacco products was at least 20 years prior to beginning participation in the study (24)
“One alcoholic drink” was defined as approximately 150 ml of wine, 330 ml of beer or 30 ml of hard liquor (23)
** “Smoker” is defined as a person who has smoked more than 100 cigarettes in his/her lifetime and/or has smoked within one calendar year prior to beginning participation in the study, and who has smoked pipe or cigar or used smokeless tobacco, for more than a total of 6 months in their lifetime, and/or within the calendar year prior to beginning participation in the study.