Table 2.
Summary of regression analyses showing associations between 20 weeks prenatal pregnancy-specific anxiety, maternal stroking at 9 weeks, and internalizing CBCL scores at 3.5 years
| 3.5 years CBCL internalizing R score | Model 1 (pooled) | Model 2 (girls) | Model 3 (boys) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coeff (SE)a | p value | Coeff (SE)a | p value | Coeff (SE)a | p value | |
| Unadjusted | ||||||
| PSA | 1.077 (0.198) | 0.000 | 1.018 (0.249) | 0.000 | 1.124 (0.308) | 0.000 |
| Stroking | −0.064 (0.205) | 0.754 | −0.075 (0.234) | 0.749 | −0.026 (0.368) | 0.944 |
| PSA × stroking | −0.450 (0.201) | 0.026 | −0.434 (0.219) | 0.047 | −0.528 (0.385) | 0.170 |
| 3.5 year child age | 0.099 (0.095) | 0.300 | 0.076 (0.096) | 0.426 | 0.120 (0.172) | 0.486 |
| Gender | 1.055 (0.389) | 0.007 | ||||
| Adjusted | ||||||
| PSA | 0.315 (0.167) | 0.060 | 0.320 (0.219) | 0.143 | 0.303 (0.245) | 0.216 |
| Stroking | −0.221 (0.175) | 0.206 | −0.239 (0.230) | 0.298 | −0.228 (0.255) | 0.373 |
| PSA × stroking | −0.422 (0.164) | 0.010 | −0.371 (0.217) | 0.087 | −0.480 (0.265) | 0.070 |
| 3.5 year child age | 0.029 (0.073) | 0.692 | 0.035 (0.096) | 0.711 | −0.006 (0.111) | 0.955 |
| Gender | 0.697 (0.324) | 0.031 | ||||
| Maternal age | −0.045 (0.032) | 0.166 | −0.041 (0.044) | 0.347 | −0.060 (0.045) | 0.178 |
| IMD quintiles | −0.063 (0.133) | 0.633 | 0.021 (0.190) | 0.911 | −0.241 (0.177) | 0.174 |
| Marital status: cohabit | −1.750 (0.542) | 0.001 | −1.594 (0.614) | 0.009 | −1.958 (0.889) | 0.028 |
| Marital status: married | −0.799 (0.591) | 0.176 | −0.495 (0.665) | 0.456 | −1.043 (0.950) | 0.272 |
| Smoking status: previous | −0.012 (0.408) | 0.976 | −0.194 (0.533) | 0.716 | 0.247 (0.607) | 0.684 |
| Smoking status: pregnancy | 0.416 (0.522) | 0.426 | 0.964 (0.676) | 0.154 | −0.562 (0.738) | 0.446 |
| Higher education | −0.890 (0.362) | 0.014 | −0.436 (0.456) | 0.339 | −1.610 (0.578) | 0.005 |
| Alcohol in pregnancy | −0.027 (0.379) | 0.944 | −0.540 (0.471) | 0.252 | 0.268 (0.574) | 0.641 |
| Obstetric risk | −0.109 (0.142) | 0.444 | 0.061 (0.181) | 0.736 | −0.328 (0.221) | 0.138 |
| BW/GA | −0.030 (0.014) | 0.027 | −0.034 (0.019) | 0.077 | −0.021 (0.021) | 0.308 |
| 3.5 year depression | 1.115 (0.224) | 0.000 | 0.711 (0.285) | 0.013 | 1.917 (0.350) | 0.000 |
| Postnatal anxiety | 0.521 (0.289) | 0.072 | 0.729 (0.375) | 0.052 | −0.058 (0.415) | 0.889 |
The table shows coefficient (arobust standard errors) and significance for the effect of prenatal pregnancy-specific anxiety and the mean of 9 weeks maternal stroking, with an interaction (shown in bold) of main effects, accounting for conditional weighting in the models
Models model 1: main effects and interaction, model 2: main effects and interaction—girls, model 3: main effects and interaction—boys. Main effects made interpretable in presence of the interaction by means of orthogonalization [31]
Variables variables standardized: 20 weeks gestation anxiety, 9 weeks mean stroking, 3.5 years maternal depression, obstetric risk, mean maternal postnatal anxiety
Interactions: replaced by residuals from regression against other model covariates [31]
PSA pregnancy-specific anxiety, BW/GA birth weight by gestational age