Table 3.
Summary of regression analyses showing associations between 20 weeks prenatal pregnancy-specific anxiety, maternal stroking at 9 weeks, and externalizing CBCL scores at 3.5 years
| 3.5 years CBCL externalizing R score | Model 1 (pooled) | Model 2 (girls) | Model 3 (boys) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coeff (SE)a | p value | Coeff (SE)a | p value | Coeff (SE)a | p value | |
| Unadjusted | ||||||
| PSA | 1.849 (0.274) | 0.000 | 1.636 (0.367) | 0.000 | 2.233 (0.452) | 0.000 |
| Stroking | −0.196 (0.276) | 0.478 | −0.309 (0.338) | 0.361 | 0.022 (0.460) | 0.962 |
| PSA × stroking | −0.693 (0.282) | 0.014 | −0.907 (0.312) | 0.004 | −0.238 (0.526) | 0.652 |
| 3.5 year child age | 0.038 (0.103) | 0.709 | ||||
| Gender | 2.383 (0.523) | 0.000 | ||||
| Adjusted | ||||||
| PSA | 0.818 (0.245) | 0.001 | 0.695 (0.292) | 0.018 | 1.149 (0.405) | 0.005 |
| Stroking | −0.238 (0.238) | 0.318 | −0.435 (0.304) | 0.152 | −0.115 (0.373) | 0.758 |
| PSA × stroking | −0.672 (0.236) | 0.004 | −0.791 (0.271) | 0.004 | −0.634 (0.427) | 0.137 |
| 3.5 year child age | −0.074 (0.091) | 0.412 | 0.093 (0.121) | 0.443 | −0.253 (0.138) | 0.067 |
| Gender | 1.868 (0.453) | 0.000 | ||||
| Maternal age | −0.075 (0.046) | 0.104 | −0.030 (0.060) | 0.623 | −0.111 (0.065) | 0.089 |
| IMD quintiles | −0.055 (0.173) | 0.752 | −0.134 (0.229) | 0.558 | −0.057 (0.254) | 0.822 |
| Marital status: cohabit | −1.519 (0.700) | 0.030 | −1.051 (0.862) | 0.222 | −2.095 (1.125) | 0.063 |
| Marital status: married | −0.625 (0.722) | 0.386 | −0.631 (0.899) | 0.483 | −0.874 (1.149 | 0.447 |
| Smoking status: previous | 1.193 (0.580) | 0.040 | 0.999 (0.736) | 0.174 | 1.568 (0.931) | 0.092 |
| Smoking status: pregnancy | 2.156 (0.786) | 0.006 | 1.947 (0.951) | 0.041 | 2.023 (1.233) | 0.101 |
| Higher education | −0.865 (0.507) | 0.088 | 0.221 (0.591) | 0.709 | −2.363 (0.848) | 0.005 |
| Alcohol in pregnancy | −0.429 (0.514) | 0.403 | −1.317 (0.609) | 0.031 | 0.529 (0585) | 0.537 |
| Obstetric risk | −0.285 (0.197) | 0.149 | −0.326 (0.245) | 0.183 | −0.250 (0.306) | 0.413 |
| BW/GA | −0.023 (0.019) | 0.227 | −0.043 (0.023) | 0.059 | −0.001 (0.031) | 0.990 |
| 3.5 year depression | 1.063 (0.311) | 0.001 | 0.921 (0.382) | 0.016 | 1.239 (0.481) | 0.010 |
| Postnatal anxiety | 0.634 (0.402) | 0.115 | 0.568 (0.504) | 0.259 | 0.576 (0.634) | 0.364 |
The table shows coefficient (arobust standard errors) and significance for the effect of prenatal pregnancy-specific anxiety and the mean of 9 weeks maternal stroking, with an interaction (shown in bold) of main effects, accounting for conditional weighting in the models
Models model 1: main effects and interaction, model 2: main effects and interaction—girls, model 3: main effects and interaction—boys. Main effects made interpretable in presence of the interaction by means of orthogonalization [31]
Variables variables standardized: 20 weeks gestation anxiety, 9 weeks mean stroking, 3.5 years depression, obstetric risk, mean postnatal anxiety
Interactions: replaced by residuals from regression against other model covariates [31]
PSA pregnancy-specific anxiety, BW/GA birth weight by gestational age