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. 2016 Oct 21;45(2):183–193. doi: 10.3758/s13421-016-0663-2

Table 1.

Summary of the 28 samples included in the meta-analysis

Study N Domain Description of the random material Time of exposition to the stimulus (in seconds)a
Adelson (1981) 10 Programming Lines of programs presented in a random order 20
Barfield (1986) 22 Programming Lines of programs presented in a random order 300
Bateson, Alexander, and Murphy (1987) 50 Programming Lines of programs presented in a random order 180
Charness (1979) 20 Games (Bridge) Unstructured bridge hands 5
Chiesi, Spilich, and Voss (1979) 42 Sport (Baseball) Random sentence presentation order of baseball events not given
Engle and Bukstel (1978) 4 Games (Bridge) Unstructured bridge hands 20
Gerard (1998) 100 Other (Diagrams) Diagrams with labels randomized 180
Gobet and Simon (1996c) 13 Games (Chess) Shuffled chess positions 5
Gobet and Simon (2000) 20 Games (Chess) Shuffled chess positions 15
Gobet and Waters (2003) 36 Games (Chess) Shuffled chess positions 5
Gong, Ericsson, and Moxley (2015) 23 Games (Chess) Shuffled chess positions 5
Guerin and Matthews (1990) 104 Programming Lines of programs presented in a random order 600
Holding and Reynolds (1982) 24 Games (Chess) Shuffled chess positions 8
Kalakoski and Saariluoma (2001) 16 Other (Taxi drivers) Random auditory presentation of streets not given
Knecht (2003) 20 Music Shuffled notes in a musical stave not given
Magliaro and Burton (1986) 16 Programming Lines of programs presented in a random order 120
Nakatani and Yamaguchi (2014) 24 Games (Shogi) Shuffled shogi positions 5
Pezzulo, Borghi, Barca, and Bocconi (2010) 6 Sport (Climbing) Impossible routes on a climbing wall not given
Schmidt (1986) 20 Programming Lines of programs presented in a random order 4
Schneider, Gruber, Gold, and Opwis (1993)—S1 40 Games (Chess) Shuffled chess positions 10
Schneider, Gruber, Gold, and Opwis (1993)—S2 40 Games (Chess) Shuffled chess positions 10
Schultetus and Charness (1999) 17 Games (Chess) Shuffled chess positions 8
Sloboda, (1976)—S1 8 Music Shuffled notes in a musical stave 2
Sloboda, (1976)—S2 8 Music Shuffled notes in a musical stave 0.075
Sloboda, (1976)—S3 10 Music Shuffled notes in a musical stave 2
Sloboda, (1976)—S4 10 Music Shuffled notes in a musical stave 2
Weber and Brewer (2003) 48 Sport (Hockey) Shuffled sentences of play from hockey matches 50.6
Zhilin and Tkachuk (2013) 152 Other (Chemistry) Random sequences of chemical symbols 30

a When the study presented only the overall performance of several trials, the mean time of exposition was reported in the table