Table 2. Comparison of Demographic, Laboratory, and CGA Components by 6-month All-cause Mortality.
| Survival (n = 446) | Death (n = 35) | P Values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age (year) | 80.3 (6.9) | 82.5 (6.8) | 0.073 |
| Sex (male/female) | 125/321 | 14/22 | 0.132 |
| Weight (kg) | 52.8 (10.6) | 51.3 (8.4) | 0.397 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.5 (3.6) | 20.5 (3.1) | 0.115 |
| ASA class (1/2/3/4)* | 29/274/126/4 | 0/14/21/0 | 0.002 |
| Fracture site (intra/extra) | 217/229 | 18/17 | 0.752 |
| Anesthesia (general/spinal) | 49/397 | 5/30 | 0.575 |
| Laboratory | |||
| WBCs (×103/μL) | 9.5 (3.7) | 9.2 (3.1) | 0.639 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.6 (1.8) | 10.6 (2.0) | 0.002 |
| Platelets (×103/μL) | 201.9 (74.6) | 217.2 (107.4) | 0.413 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.97 (0.97) | 1.62 (1.82) | 0.043 |
| Protein (mg/dL) | 6.5 (0.7) | 6.2 (0.7) | 0.018 |
| Albumin (mg/dL) | 3.8 (0.5) | 3.4 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 24.9 (10.3) | 25.8 (10.3) | 0.613 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 17.4 (17.1) | 17.1 (12.2) | 0.916 |
| Comprehensive geriatric assessment | |||
| Charlson’s comorbidity index | 1.2 (1.3) | 2.4 (2.0) | 0.001 |
| Polypharmacy† | 348 (78.2%) | 28 (80.0%) | 0.804 |
| ADL dependency (partial and full) | 370 (83.0%) | 33 (94.3%) | 0.095 |
| IADL dependency | 336 (75.3%) | 34 (97.1%) | 0.001 |
| MMSE-KC‡ | 18.1 (7.6) | 13.3 (7.0) | 0.001 |
| SGDS-K§ | 4.9 (3.3) | 5.0 (3.5) | 0.848 |
| Risk of fall (≥10) | 327 (73.3%) | 33 (94.3%) | 0.004 |
| MNA | 20.7 (5.0) | 17.3 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| Mid-arm circumference (cm) | 23.6 (3.1) | 21.6 (4.2) | 0.001 |
| The Koval grade | 2.2 (1.8) | 3.4 (2.0) | 0.001 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) or number (%).
ADL indicates activities of daily living; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CGA, comprehensive geriatric assessment; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; MMSE-KC, Korean version of the mini-mental status examination; SGDS-K, short form of the Korean Geriatric Depression Scale; MNA, mini nutritional assessment; Nu-DESC, the nursing delirium screening scale; WBC, white blood cell.
*Data were missing for 13 patients.
†Data were missing for 1 patient.
‡Data were missing for 59 patients.
§Data were missing for 140 patients.