Table 1.
Beam Temperatures Measured by Thermocouples (TC) and Fiber Optic Sensors (DFOS-T) at Five Heat Release Rates
| Temperature (°C) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensor location | Method | 25 kW | 65 kW | 120 kW | 195 kW | 350 kW | |
| Beam #1 | 1 | TC1 | 210 (1)a | 405 (1) | 634 (8) | 927 (23) | 1,016 (12) |
| DFOS-T | 205 (4) | 394 (8) | 641 (17) | 877 (35) | 1,032 (29) | ||
| Difference (%) | −2.4b | −2.8 | 1.1 | −5.7 | 1.6 | ||
| 2 | TC2 | 197 (1) | 374 (1) | 611 (4) | 928 (20) | 998 (22) | |
| DFOS-T | 198 (4) | 385 (10) | 603 (14) | 876 (27) | 1,025 (13) | ||
| Difference (%) | 0.5 | 2.9 | −1.3 | −5.9 | 2.6 | ||
| 3 | TC3 | 180 (1) | 347 (2) | 557 (8) | 747 (5) | 1,018 (11) | |
| DFOS-T | 185 (4) | 358 (6) | 594 (15) | 812 (17) | 1,038 (23) | ||
| Difference (%) | 2.7 | 3.1 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 1.9 | ||
| 4 | TC4 | 190 (1) | 370 (1) | 631 (2) | 959 (7) | 1,015 (28) | |
| DFOS-T | 193 (3) | 351 (7) | 650 (13) | 872 (18) | 1,004 (25) | ||
| Difference (%) | 1.6 | −5.4 | 2.9 | −10.0 | −1.1 | ||
| Beam #2 | 1 | TC1 | 203 (2) | 396 (1) | 617 (2) | 844 (7) | 1,022 (15) |
| DFOS-T | 197 (4) | 412 (3) | 631 (4) | 847 (5) | 1,033 (11) | ||
| Difference (%) | −3.0 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 1.1 | ||
| 2 | TC2 | 183 (1) | 363 (3) | 575 (6) | 790 (7) | 1,018 (21) | |
| DFOS-T | 174 (3) | 366 (6) | 593 (16) | 816 (19) | 1,028 (19) | ||
| Difference (%) | −5.2 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 1.0 | ||
| 3 | TC3 | —c | — | — | — | — | |
| DFOS-T | 175 (3) | 360 (3) | 603 (2) | 828 (6) | 1,027 (16) | ||
| Difference | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 4 | TC4 | 175 (2) | 356 (2) | 597 (6) | 832 (9) | 1,008 (10) | |
| DFOS-T | 165 (3) | 354 (3) | 614 (7) | 839 (7) | 1,015 (14) | ||
| Difference (%) | −6.1 | −0.6 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | ||
| Beam #3 | 1 | TC1 | 205 (3) | 403 (3) | 623 (8) | 830 (8) | 1,021 (24) |
| DFOS-T | 197 (5) | 399 (4) | 610 (10) | 822 (10) | 1,030 (17) | ||
| Difference (%) | −4.1 | −1.0 | −2.1 | −1.0 | 0.9 | ||
| 2 | TC2 | 177 (3) | 351 (2) | 559 (5) | 779 (4) | 1,013 (36) | |
| DFOS-T | 173 (4) | 368 (4) | 607 (6) | 808 (7) | 1,023 (19) | ||
| Difference (%) | −2.3 | 4.6 | 7.9 | 3.6 | 1.0 | ||
| 3 | TC3 | 182 (4) | 358 (3) | 563 (8) | 759 (7) | 991 (36) | |
| DFOS-T | 175 (5) | 351 (6) | 580 (9) | 777 (12) | 1,026 (26) | ||
| Difference (%) | −4.0 | −2.0 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 3.4 | ||
| 4 | TC4 | 172 (3) | 349 (2) | 572 (5) | 801 (4) | 1,000 (31) | |
| DFOS-T | 162 (4) | 338 (3) | 586 (6) | 810 (10) | 1,020 (29) | ||
| Difference (%) | −6.2 | −3.3 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 2.0 | ||
a
The value in parentheses is the standard deviation.
b
Relative difference of the mean temperature of the DFOS and the TC.
c
”—” denotes a failed thermocouple.