Table 3.

Medicinal (MED), veterinary (VET), nutritional (NUT), cosmetic (COS) and other (OTHER) uses of wild (W) and cultivated (C) plants in Karst and Gorjanci. The data were gathered from interviews with 25 informants in Karst and 25 informants in Gorjanci

No. of informants in Karst	No. of informants in Gorjanci	Botanical taxon and family	Slovenian name	Status	Part(s) used	Preparation and administration	Recorded uses in Karst	Recorded uses in Gorjanci
14	20	Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae)	Rman	W	Flower	Infusion, oral application	MED: treatment of stomach and digestive problems, menstrual cramps and gynecological problems	MED: treatment of stomach and digestive problems, menstrual cramps, women’s problems; to cleanse the body and kidneys; diuretic; treatment of cold NUT
						Fresh flowers are wrapped around the hand	×	MED: to heal sore hands
						Browned flour soup with yarrow flowers (soup made by roasting and browning flour, roasting yarrow flowers and adding water and two eggs)	×	MED: treatment of intestinal problems
						Egg omelet with yarrow flowers	MED: treatment of digestive problems	×
						Ointment made with lard	MED: treatment of hemorrhoids	×
						Herbal liqueur	×	NUT/MED
3	2	Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippocastanaceae)	Divji kostanj	C	Fruit	Maceration in schnapps, topical application	MED: treatment of varicose veins	MED: treatment of spinal inflammation
						Chestnuts are placed in a bag, and the bag is rubbed on the feet	MED: treatment of pain in the legs	MED: to promote better blood circulation in legs
					Flower	Maceration in schnapps, topical application	MED: treatment of varicose veins	×
						Herbal liqueur	×	NUT/MED
2	2	Allium cepa L. (Alliaceae)	Čebula	C	Bulb	Fried pieces of onion are placed on the skin	×	MED: to heal furuncles and abscesses
						Onions and honey, oral application	MED: treatment of bronchitis and sore throat	×
1	1	Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae)	Česen	C	Clove	Necklace made of garlic cloves is worn around the neck	×	MED: anthelmintic
						Tincture	Unknown use	×
2	4	Allium ursinum L. (Alliaceae)	Čemaž	W	Leaf	Salad, spread made with olive oil	NUT	NUT: good for cleansing, purifier of vessels, to decrease blood pressure (the informants did not eat A. ursinum for medicinal purposes)
						Maceration in schnapps	×	NUT: good for everything
5	0	Aloysia citrodora Palau (Verbenaceae)	Leviš, citronka	C	Leaf	Infusion	NUT	×
						Maceration in schnapps with sugar	NUT	×
6	2	Althaea officinalis L. (Malvaceae)	Slez, ajbiš	C	Leaf	Infusion, oral application	×	MED: treatment of cough, good for the respiratory system
						Fresh leaf is placed on a wound	MED: to heal wounds	×
						Scalded leaves are placed on damaged skin (skin punctured with a nail or thorn that becomes infected, called “pasjica” in Karst)	MED: to heal wounds, to pull pus out of the wound	×
						Leaves cooked in milk, oral application	MED: treatment of sore throat	×
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
4	2	Anthyllis vulneraria L. (Fabaceae)	Ranjak	W	Flower	Infusion, topical application	×	MED: to rinse and heal wounds
						Infusion, oral application	NUT	×
						Herbal liqueur	×	NUT/MED
1	0	Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Schreb. (Brassicaceae)	Hren	W/C	Root	Grated root eaten with other Easter dishes	NUT	×
6	12	Arnica montana L. (Asteraceae)	Arnika	W	Flower	Maceration in olive oil, topical application	MED: to heal wounds, burns, scabs and contusions	MED: to massage painful areas, rheumatism
						Maceration in schnapps, topical application	MED: to massage painful areas (knees)	MED: to disinfect wounds, to heal wounds, treatment of inflamed wounds, rashes, burns and stings
						Maceration in schnapps, oral application	×	MED: to heal stomach problems
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
7	6	Artemisia (Artemisia vulgaris L., Artemisia absinthium L.) (Asteraceae)	Pelin	W/C	Aerial parts (of young plants) and leaves	Wormwood is placed in wine for a short time, for drinking (usually with fatty food)	×	MED: to promote appetite and digestion, good for the stomach NUT: a drink with fatty foods, invigoration in spring
						Infusion, oral application	×	MED: treatment of stomach and digestive problems
						Infusion for spraying vines		OTHER: to prevent or treat vine diseases
						Maceration in schnapps, oral application	MED: treatment of digestive problems, good for the stomach	MED: treatment of stomach problems
						Wormwood is placed in water for a short time for drinking	NUT: to quench thirst	×
						Whole plant	VET: at the loss of appetite	×
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
6	0	Asparagus spp. (Asparagus acutifolius L., Asparagus tenuifolius Lam.) (Asparagaceae)	Šparglji	W	Young shoots	Prepared in different dishes (egg omelet, soup, minestrone soup)	NUT: blood cleansing, diuretic, believed to be good for the kidneys (the informants did not eat asparagus for medicinal purposes)	×
1	4	Bellis perennis L. (Asteraceae)	Marjetica	W	Flower	Infusion, oral application	MED: good for ill children	MED: treatment of cold and cough
						Infusion for bath	×	COS: for legs
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
0	3	Berberis vulgaris L. (Berberidaceae)	Češmin, češminc	W/C	Fruit	Infusion, oral application	×	MED: antipyretic
0	2	Beta vulgaris var. conditiva L. (Chenopodiaceae)	Rdeča pesa	C	Root	Juice, oral application	×	MED: antipyretic
1	10	Betula pendula Roth (Betulaceae)	Breza	W	Leaf	Infusion, oral application	×	MED: to heal bladder and kidney inflammation, diuretic, to cleanse blood and body, antidiabetic
						Infusion for bath	×	MED: to prevent sweaty feet
						Leaves are wrapped around the legs	×	MED: treatment of leg pain
						Maceration in vinegar, topical application	COS: good for the scalp	×
1	1	Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (Brassicaceae)	Glavnato zelje, zelje	C	Leaf	Fresh leaves are wrapped around the knee or placed on the back	MED: treatment of back pain	MED: to pull the water out of the knee
9	12	Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae)	Ognjič	C	Flower	Infusion, oral application	MED: good for intestinal problems, against diarrhea NUT	MED: treatment of stomach pain NUT
						Ointment made with lard or fat from the abdomen of a chicken, topical application	MED: to heal burns, contusions, wounds and eczema COS: treatment of dry skin on soles and hands	MED: to heal sunburns, wounds, bruising, and eczema; to massage painful areas (knees, shoulders, joints) COS: treatment of dry skin and hard skin on the heels
						Maceration in oil, topical application	×	MED: to heal burns
						Maceration in schnapps, topical application	×	MED: to heal wounds
						Herbal liqueur	×	NUT/MED
						Dried flowers, spice	×	NUT: spice
0	2	Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae)	Konoplja	C	Aerial parts	Preparation was not reported	×	VET: animal feed for pigs
						Fabric	×	OTHER: fabric for sheets, healthier than cotton
3	7	Carum carvi L. (Apiaceae)	Kimelj, kumina	W/C	Fruit	Infusion, oral application	MED: treatment of abdominal cramps and stomach problems, carminative, antiflatulent NUT	MED: treatment of digestive problems, treatment of stomach problems, carminative and antiflatulent, antidiarrheal, protects intestines and stomach NUT
						Spice	×	NUT: spice for sausages, bread and the common local pastry “belokranjska pogača”
1	4	Castanea sativa Mill. (Fagaceae)	Kostanj	W	Fruit	Cooked or roasted	NUT	NUT
					Flower	Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
11	15	Centaurium spp. (Centaurium erythraea Rafn, Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce) (Gentianaceae)	Tavžentroža	W	Flowers or aerial parts	Infusion, oral application	MED: treatment of stomach problems, digestive problems, menstrual cramps, menstrual problems, anemia	MED: treatment of stomachache, stomach problems, digestive problems, menstrual problems, cold, flu, antipyretic, to calm nerves, to counteract tiredness, to heal wounds on the gum
						Maceration in schnapps, oral application	MED: treatment of digestive problems, loss of appetite, anemia VET: to heal digestive problems	MED: treatment of stomach problems and stomachache
						Grass with centaury, animal feed	VET: animal is healthier if it feeds on grass containing centaury	×
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
2	2	Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae)	Krvavi mlečnik	W	Latex	Latex, topical application	MED: treatment of warts	MED: treatment of warts
8	2	Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae)	Dren	W	Fruit	Maceration in schnapps, oral application	NUT	MED: treatment of abdominal cramps NUT
						Jam	NUT	NUT
						Infusion	NUT	NUT
						Syrup	NUT	×
						Raw fruits	NUT	×
					Flower	Infusion	NUT	×
13	6	Crataegus spp. (Rosaceae)	Glog	W	Flower and leaf	Infusion, oral application	MED: good for the heart, good for the prevention of epilepsy, good for nerves NUT	MED: good for the heart NUT
					Fruit	Infusion	NUT	NUT
						Raw fruits	NUT	×
2	1	Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (Asteraceae)	Ameriški slamnik	C	Flower	Maceration in schnapps, oral application	×	MED: immunostimulant
					Root	Maceration in schnapps, oral application	MED: immunostimulant	×
2	10	Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae)	Preslica	W	Aerial parts	Infusion, oral application	MED: to cleanse the kidneys and lungs	MED: diuretic, to cleanse kidneys, blood and body, treatment of urinary tract inflammation
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
2	0	Ficus carica L. (Moraceae)	Figa	C	Fruit	Jam	NUT	×
					Latex	Latex, topical application	MED: treatment of warts	×
13	0	Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae)	Koromač (in Karst)	W/C	Flower	Dried crushed flowers, spice (known as “golden dust” in Karst)	NUT: spice for fried livers, fried eggs and browned flower soup	×
					Aerial parts of young plants	Egg omelet with young aerial parts of fennel	NUT	×
					Fruit	Infusion	MED: to heal abdominal cramps, counteracts flatulence, infusion for children	×
5	13	Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae)	Divja jagoda, gozdna jagoda	W	Fruit	Raw berries	NUT	NUT
					Leaf	Infusion	NUT	NUT
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
0	3	Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. (Rubiaceae)	Dišeča perla	W	Aerial parts of flowering plant	Infusion	×	NUT
						Herbal liqueur	×	NUT/MED
3	1	Gentiana lutea L. (Gentianaceae)	Košutnik, encijan, lecijan	W	Root	Maceration in schnapps, oral application	MED: to heal stomach problems NUT	MED: good for the stomach
						Infusion, oral application	VET: to heal intestinal problems (livestock)	×
1	0	Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae)	Bršljan	W	Leaf and fruit	Maceration in schnapps, topical application	MED: treatment of contusions	×
11	16	Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae)	Šentjanževka, šentjanževe rože	W	Flower	Maceration in oil, topical application	MED: to heal wounds, contusions, burns and sunburn; to massage painful areas (arthritis); treatment of varicose veins, treatment of back pain COS: to promote tanning of the skin in the sun	MED: to heal wounds, scabs, burns and sunburn; treatment of varicose veins; to massage painful areas and inflamed joints (rheumatism) VET: to heal indigestion in hens (when they eat too much sand)
						Maceration in schnapps, topical application	MED: treatment of varicose veins	MED: to massage painful areas and joints (rheumatism), to heal wounds and contusions
						Infusion, oral application	Indication was not recorded, although the infusion is used	MED: treatment of menstrual and stomach problems, calmative, counteracts depression
						Infusion for bath	×	MED: treatment of tired legs
						Herbal liqueur	×	NUT/MED
					Aerial parts	Maceration in schnapps, topical application	×	MED: to disinfect cuts and wounds
2	0	Inula hirta L. (Asteraceae)	Astramontana, strupenica, srkodlakavi oman	W	Flower	Infusion, topical application	MED: to heal wounds, especially poisoned wounds VET: to heal snake bites (dog)	×
						Maceration in schnapps, topical application	MED: to heal wounds, especially poisoned wounds VET: to heal snake bites (dog)	×
						Maceration in schnapps, oral application	MED: good for the stomach	×
2	8	Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae)	Oreh	C	Unripe fruit	Maceration in schnapps	NUT	MED: treatment of digestive disorders and stomachache; counteracts diarrhea VET: to heal intestinal problems (livestock) NUT
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
					Leaf	Water extract made by cooking leaves in water, topical application	×	VET: to protect animals from horseflies/horsefly repellent (steer/bullock)
12	9	Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae)	Brin	W	Fruit	Alcoholic distillate from fermented juniper berries, oral application	MED: treatment of digestive problems, stomachache, stomach problems and cramps, to promote better digestion NUT	MED: treatment of menstrual and women’s problems, stomach problems and stomachache, treatment of digestive problems NUT: aperitif, drink in the morning
						Alcoholic distillate from fermented juniper berries topical application	×	MED: treatment of swollen legs
						Essential oil from fermented juniper berries, topical application	MED: to massage painful areas and joints (arthritis and rheumatism), to promote better blood circulation (rubefacient), treatment of cramps and colic in babies and children, to heal wounds, to heal dog bites	MED: treatment of intestinal problems
						Essential oil from fermented juniper berries, topical application around the navel, on the temples, under the nose, on the head, used for children	MED: anthelmintic	MED: anthelmintic
						Essential oil from fermented juniper berries, a small amount is placed on sugar and eaten	MED: treatment of stomachache and digestive problems	MED: antipyretic
						Dried berries, spice	NUT: good for the stomach, sauerkraut, jota (soup)	NUT: to promote better digestion
						Maceration in schnapps, oral application	MED: treatment of stomach problems NUT	×
						Infusion, oral application	×	MED: good for the internal organs
						Bread with essential oil from fermented juniper berries, oral application	×	VET: treatment of intestinal problems (steer/bullock)
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
					Twig	Infusion, oral application	×	MED: treatment of digestive problems
						Syrup	×	MED: treatment of sore throat
9	2	Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae)	Lovor	C	Leaf	Spice	NUT: spice for sauerkraut and beans, used in dishes to prevent flatulence	NUT
						Syrup, oral application	MED: treatment of cough, antiflatulent	×
7	2	Lavandula spp. (Lamiaceae)	Sivka	C	Flower	Dried flowers placed in sachets	OTHER: household moth repellent	OTHER: household moth repellent
						Infusion, oral application	MED: to calm the nerves	×
						Home distillation of essential oil and hydrosol	COS: good for the skin, to cleanse the skin	×
						Spice	NUT: spice for biscuits	×
4	1	Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch (Apiaceae)	Luštrek	C	Leaf	Maceration in schnapps, oral application	MED: good for the stomach NUT	×
						Spice	NUT	×
						Infusion, oral application	×	MED: diuretic
0	3	Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae)	Lan	C	Seed	Linseed is placed in the eye	×	MED: treatment of eye infection, if something falls in the eye
					Aerial parts	Fabric	×	OTHER: fabric for sheets, clothes
0	1	Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. (Rosaceae)	Lesnika	W	Fruit	Vinegar	×	NUT
16	19	Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae)	Kamilica	W/C	Flower	Infusion, oral application	MED: digestion, flatulence, abdominal cramps, to calm the stomach, to calm the nerves, to heal sore throat, for women’s problems	MED: treatment of abdominal and menstrual cramps; for digestive, stomach and women’s problems; to counteract nausea, to enable vomiting, to calm the stomach, treatment of cold, flu and cough, to calm babies, infusion for women giving birth NUT
						Infusion, topical application	MED: to rinse sore eyes, to cleanse wounds	MED: to rinse sore eyes
						Infusion with schnapps, oral application	×	MED: to heal abdominal cramps
						Infusion for inhalation	×	MED: to heal sore throat and bronchitis
						Infusion for bath	COS: to cleanse skin	×
						Decoction, oral application	×	MED: against diarrhea
						Warm chamomile flowers are wrapped in gauze and placed on the chest or eyes	×	MED: to heal bronchitis, to heal cold with respiratory or breathing problems, to heal sore throat and sore eyes
						Maceration in olive oil, topical application	COS: ointment for skin	×
						Ointment made with lard: flowers are fried in lard and drained; topical application	COS: ointment for skin	×
						Fried egg sprinkled with chamomile flowers, oral application	×	MED: treatment of abdominal and menstrual cramps
						Browned flour soup sprinkled with chamomile flowers (as spice)	×	NUT
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	×
					Aerial parts	Infusion, oral application	×	VET: to heal problems of cows after calving and to heal digestive problems
18	7	Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)	Melisa, srčno zelje, štrukljevo perje	C	Leaf	Infusion, oral application	MED: to calm the nerves NUT	MED: to calm the nerves, used before bedtime for better sleep, treatment of stomach problems NUT
						Syrup	NUT	NUT
						Egg omelet with lemon balm leaves, oral application	NUT	MED: treatment of ascites
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
18	8	Mentha spp. (Lamiaceae)	Meta	W/C	Leaf	Infusion, oral application	MED: to calm the nerves, treatment of cold NUT	MED: to calm the nerves, before bedtime for better sleep, treatment of stomach problems, digestive problems, cholagogue NUT
						Syrup	NUT	NUT
						Spice	NUT: spice for meat	×
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
2	0	Morus spp. (Morus alba L., Morus nigra L.) (Moraceae)	Murva	C	Fruit	Fresh fruits	NUT	×
3	1	Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)	Bazilika	C	Leaf	Spice	NUT	×
						Infusion	NUT	×
1	0	Olea europea L. (Oleaceae)	Oljka	C	Leaf	Infusion	MED: to lower blood pressure	×
8	2	Origanum majorana L. (Lamiaceae)	Majaron	C	Aerial parts	Infusion, oral application	NUT	MED: calmative, for better sleeping
						Spice	NUT	NUT
1	4	Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae)	Dobra misel	W	Aerial parts	Infusion, oral application	MED: calmative NUT	NUT: children learn better at school
0	2	Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae)	Fižol	C	Pericarp	Infusion, oral application	×	MED: antidiabetic, antihypertensive
6	10	Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (Pinaceae)	Smreka, smrečje	W/C	Tips	Spruce tip syrup made with sugar or honey, oral application	MED: treatment of cough, sore throat, bronchitis, and cold, to increase the body’s resistance	MED: treatment of cough, cold, bronchitis and sore throat
						Infusion, oral application	Indication was not recorded, although the infusion is used	MED: treatment of cough, good for lungs
					Resin	Pounded resin is wrapped in fabric, topical application	×	MED: treatment of wounds, abscesses and furuncles (the resin pulls the pus out from the inflamed skin), treatment of sore nipples while breastfeeding
3	5	Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae)	Janež	C	Fruit	Infusion, oral application	MED: treatment of abdominal cramps, antiflatulent, carminative	MED: treatment of digestive and stomach problems, carminative, antiflatulent VET: treatment of udder inflammation (cow) NUT
						Spice	NUT: spice for beans, sauerkraut, and fried eggs	NUT: spice for pastry
0	2	Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae)	Bor	W	Tips	Syrup made from pine tips and sugar, oral application	×	MED: treatment of cough and asthma
					Young cone	Syrup made from pine cones and sugar, oral application	×	MED: treatment of sore throat
10	9	Plantago spp. (Plantago lanceolata L., Plantago major L.) (Plantaginaceae)	Trpotec	W	Leaf	Infusion, oral application	MED: treatment of cough, cold and stomach ulcer	MED: treatment of cough and gastritis NUT
						Syrup, oral application	MED: treatment of cough	MED: treatment of cough
						Fresh leaf is placed on the skin	MED: treatment of wounds	MED: treatment of wounds, furuncles, abscesses and stings
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
1	6	Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch (Rosaceae)	Srčna moč	W	Root	Infusion, oral application	MED: treatment of stomach problems	MED: treatment of stomach problems, good for the heart
						Infusion for inhalation	×	MED: treatment of respiratory problems (night asthma)
					Flower and root	Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
3	12	Primula vulgaris Huds. (Primulaceae)	Trobentica	W	Flower	Infusion, oral application	MED: good for ill children	MED: treatment of cold, good for lungs and respiratory system, diuretic NUT
						Syrup, oral application	×	MED: treatment of cough
					Flower and root	Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
4	1	Prunus avium L. var. sylvestris (Kirschl.) (Rosaceae)	Divje češnje	W	Fruit	Maceration in schnapps with sugar	NUT	×
						Jam	NUT	×
						Dried fruits	×	NUT: dried fruits for children
0	2	Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae)	Sliva, češplja	C	Fruit	Dried fruits	×	MED: against constipation, good for stool NUT
						Compote from dried fruits	×	MED: against constipation NUT
10	5	Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae)	Črn trn	W	Flower	Infusion, oral application	×	MED: against blood clotting NUT
					Fruit	Raw fruits	MED: against diarrhea NUT	NUT
						Infusion	NUT	×
						Fruits are macerated schnapps and sugar	NUT	×
0	7	Pulmonaria officinalis L. (Boraginaceae)	Pljučnik	W	Aerial parts of flowering plant	Infusion, oral application	×	MED: treatment of pneumonia, cold and cough, good for lungs
						Herbal liqueur	×	NUT/MED
0	1	Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae)	Tepka	C	Fruit	Dried fruit, oral application	×	MED: against diarrhea NUT
2	6	Quercus spp. (Fagaceae)	Hrast	W	Bark	Water extract: bark is cooked in water; oral application	VET: against diarrhea (livestock)	×
						Bark is placed in hot water, and a person sits on the steam	MED: treatment of gynecological problems	MED: treatment of bladder inflammation and menstrual problems
					Acorn	Preparation was reported	×	VET: pig feed
5	3	Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Fabaceae)	Akacija, ahacovna	W	Flower	Infusion	NUT	NUT
						Fresh flowers cooked with pancake batter in a frying pan	NUT	NUT
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
22	16	Rosa spp. (Rosaceae)	Šipek	W	Fruit	Infusion (dried rose hips can be cooked two or three times)	MED: treatment of cold NUT: contains lots of vitamin C	MED: treatment of cold NUT: contains lots of vitamin C
						Liqueur with schnapps (fruits are macerated schnapps and sugar)	NUT	×
						Jam	NUT	×
11	2	Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)	Rožmarin	C	Leaf, twig	Spice	NUT: spice for goulash	NUT
						Ointment with beeswax, topical application	×	MED: to promote blood circulation (rubefacient)
						Maceration in wine, oral application (a few spoonfuls per day)	MED: against anemia	×
						Cooked in wine, oral application	MED: good for a weak heart	×
						Cooked in wine, topical application	MED: spinal massage for strengthening the spine of children	×
						Infusion, oral application	MED: treatment of sore feet and legs, good for a weak heart	×
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
2	5	Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae)	Malina	W/C	Leaf	Infusion	NUT	NUT
						Herbal liqueur	×	NUT/MED
					Fruit	Fresh berries	×	NUT
						Syrup	NUT	×
						Alcoholic distillate from fermented berries	NUT	×
11	8	Rubus spp. (only species with black fruits) (Rosaceae)	Robida, kopina	W	Leaf	Infusion, oral application	MED: treatment of diarrhea VET: treatment of diarrhea NUT	MED: treatment of diarrhea NUT
						Fresh leaf is placed on the wound	×	MED: to heal wounds
					Fruit	Fresh berries	NUT	NUT
						Jam	NUT	×
						Herbal liqueur	×	NUT/MED
6	2	Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae)	Vinska rutica, rüda	C	Aerial parts (leaf)	Maceration in schnapps, oral application	NUT: aperitif	MED: treatment of stomach problems, stimulation of appetite NUT
						Egg omelet with rue	MED: treatment of stomach and digestive problems	×
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
22	11	Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)	Žajbelj	W/C	Leaf	Infusion for drinking or gargling	MED: treatment of sore throat, cold and cough, good for gums and teeth	MED: treatment of sore throat, inflammation in mouth, cough and cold, good for lungs
						Infusion for inhalation	×	MED: to facilitate breathing
						Leaves cooked in sweet or caramel milk, oral application	MED: treatment of sore throat, cough and bronchitis NUT: before bedtime	MED: treatment of sore throat, cough and cold NUT: before bedtime
						Fresh leaf for chewing	MED: good for teeth and gums, treatment of periodontitis and cold	MED: good for teeth, treatment of inflammation
						Dried leaves, spice	NUT	NUT: spice for black pudding
						Maceration in schnapps and honey, oral application	MED: treatment of cold NUT	×
						Maceration in schnapps, oral application	MED: treatment of cold NUT	NUT
						Maceration in schnapps, topical application	MED: to heal wounds	×
					Flower	Syrup	NUT	×
24	24	Sambucus nigra L. (Sambucaceae)	Bezeg	W/C	Flower	Infusion, oral application	MED: treatment of fever, cold, diaphoretic, diuretic, to lower blood sugar level NUT: for thirst in the summer, has good taste	MED: treatment of cold, fever, sore throat, flu, cough and angina NUT: for every day, in the morning, in the evening
						Syrup made by maceration of flowers in water and adding sugar (sometimes called šabesa)	NUT	NUT
						Syrup made with honey; oral administration with teaspoon	×	MED: treatment of cold
						Fresh flowers cooked with pancake batter in a frying pan	NUT	NUT
						Warm compress on the neck	×	MED: treatment of sore throat and cold
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
					Fruit	Infusion, oral application	NUT: infusion has a strong color, for drinking in the winter	MED: treatment of liver problems, connected with nose bleeding
						Jam	NUT	NUT
						Juice or syrup, oral application	NUT	NUT: contains lots of iron, good for the blood
						Liqueur with Teran wine, made by cooking elderberries in wine	NUT	×
					Leaf	Leaf is placed on painful area (the skin under the leaf must sweat)	MED: treatment of painful or poisoned areas on the skin (for example, on the hand)	×
11	0	Satureja spp. (Satureja montana L. Satureja subspicata subsp. liburnica Šilić) (Lamiaceae)	Kraški šetraj, žepek, ožepek, primožek	W	Aerial parts	Spice	NUT: spice for jota (soup), minestrone, vinegar, herb salt, meat, beans	×
6	6	Sedum maximum (L.) Suter (Crassulaceae)	Hermelika	W/C	Aerial parts (leaf, flower)	Maceration in schnapps, oral application	MED: treatment of stomach problems NUT: aperitif	MED: treatment of stomach problems NUT: aperitif
						Maceration in schnapps, topical application	MED: treatment of varicose veins	×
					Leaf	Fresh leaf is placed on the skin	MED: to heal wounds	MED: to heal wounds, furuncles, abscesses
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
7	6	Sempervivum tectorum L. (Crassulaceae)	Netresk, natresk	C	Leaf	Juice from the leaf is dripped into ear	MED: treatment of ear inflammation, ear infection and foot and toenail fungus infection	MED: treatment of ear inflammation and ear infection
2	1	Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner (Asteraceae)	Pegasti badelj	C	Seed	Whole or ground seeds, oral application	MED: good for the liver	MED: good for the liver
0	1	Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae)	Krompir	C	Tuber	Pieces of potato tuber are wrapped in fabric and lashed on the feet. When the potato becomes black, it pulls the fever out.	×	MED: antipyretic
1	4	Solidago spp. (Solidago virgaurea L., Solidago canadensis L., Solidago gigantea Aiton) (Asteraceae)	Zlata rozga	W	Aerial parts of flowering plant	Infusion	MED: good for the prostate	MED: good for bladder, prostate, ovaries
0	3	Symphytum officinale L. (Boraginaceae)	Gabez	W	Root	Maceration in schnapps, topical application	×	MED: treatment of rheumatism, to heal wounds
						Maceration in olive oil, topical application	×	MED: to massage inflamed joints (knees)
0	1	Tamus communis L. (Discoreaceae)	Blušč	W	Root	Root is placed in animal food, and the animal is rubbed with the root	×	VET: treatment of animals (cows) that have intestinal problems and have become malnourished and cachectic
3	0	Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. (Asteraceae)	Mandrjanca	C	Leaf	Egg omelet	NUT	×
0	2	Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae)	Vratič	W	Flower	Infusion	×	VET: treatment of diarrhea and digestive problems
						Egg and crushed flowers are mixed together and cooked in a frying pan	×	MED: treatment of diarrhea
9	7	Taraxacum officinale agg. F.H. Wigg. (Cichoriaceae)	Regrat, radičkovna, pzdunkula	W	Leaf	Fresh leaves prepared in a salad, sometimes with eggs	NUT: contains lots of iron, good for intestines	NUT: contains lots of iron, counteracts anemia (informants did not eat dandelion leaves for medicinal purposes)
						Dandelion leaves prepared like spinach or prepared together with spinach leaves. Used as soup or side dish to mashed potatoes	×	NUT
					Flower	Infusion	×	NUT
						Syrup, oral application	MED: treatment of sore throat, good for immune system NUT	NUT
					Root	Maceration in schnapps, oral application	×	MED: treatment of stomach problems
						Maceration in schnapps, topical application	×	COS: for lush hair
20	9	Thymus serpyllum L. (Lamiaceae)	Materina dušica	W	Aerial parts	Infusion, oral application	MED: good for the heart and respiratory system, treatment of cold and gynecological problems (menstrual cramps) NUT	MED: infusion for breastfeeding mothers NUT
						Spice	NUT	NUT
						Maceration in schnapps	NUT	×
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
16	20	Tilia spp. (Tilia cordata Mill. Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) (Tiliaceae)	Lipa	C	Flower	Infusion, oral application	MED: treatment of cold, to reduce a fever, diaphoretic NUT	MED: treatment of cold, diaphoretic NUT: for every day, in the morning and evening, has a good taste
						Sleep pillow filled with linden flowers	×	HOUSEHOLD: pillow for sleeping
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
1	5	Trifolium spp. (some informants used species with white flowers and some used species with red flowers) (Fabaceae)	Rdeča detelja, bela detelja, črna detelja	W	Flower	Infusion, oral application	MED: to heal gynecological problems	NUT
4	11	Tussilago farfara L. (Asteraceae)	Lapuh	W	Flower	Infusion, oral application	MED: treatment of sore throat and bronchitis, good for lungs	MED: treatment of cold and cough, good for respiratory system
					Leaf	Fresh leaves are wrapped around the legs	×	MED: treatment of leg pain
					Leaf	Cooked leaves	×	VET: pig feed
					Flower and leaf	Herbal liqueur (Jegermajster)	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
13	17	Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae)	Kopriva	W	Leaves on the top, nettle tops	Infusion, oral application	MED: diuretic, to cleanse blood and body, spring and autumn cleansing, counteracts rheumatism, good for the stomach	MED: to cleanse body and blood, diuretic, to cleanse skin, to heal acne, laxative, treatment of diabetes NUT: contains lots of iron
						Infusion for hair rinsing	COS: to cleanse hair	MED: treatment of hair loss COS: for lush hair
						Infusion for bath	×	MED: treatment of tired legs COS: to treat hard skin
						Nettle tops prepared like spinach: soup or side dish to mashed potatoes	NUT	NUT: contains many vitamins and lots of iron, for anemia
					Root	Maceration in schnapps, topical application on scalp	×	COS: to promote good blood circulation of scalp, for lush hair
						Infusion for hair rinsing	COS: for strong hair	×
					Aerial parts	Maceration in water for two days	×	OTHER: fertilizer for the garden
					Aerial parts of young plants	Cooked	VET: feed for pigs	×
2	15	Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Ericaceae)	Borovnice	W	Fruit	Infusion from dried blueberries, oral administration	×	MED: treatment of diarrhea VET: treatment of diarrhea (calf)
						Dried fruits for chewing and eating, oral administration	×	MED: treatment of diarrhea
						Compote from dried fruits, oral administration	×	MED: treatment of diarrhea
						Maceration in schnapps, oral administration	MED: treatment of diarrhea NUT	MED: treatment of stomach problems NUT
						Jam	×	NUT
					Leaf	Infusion, oral administration	×	MED: to lower the blood sugar level, treatment of diabetes
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
1	1	Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae)	Baldrijan	W	Root	Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
4	0	Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. (Scrophulariaceae)	Lučnik, papeževa sveča	C	Flower	Infusion, oral administration	MED: treatment of sore throat	×
						Maceration in olive oil, topical application	MED: to massage painful joints (rheumatism)	×
						Maceration in schnapps, oral application	MED: treatment of cough and flu, good for lungs	×
1	7	Viola spp. (Violaceae)	Vijolica	W	Flower	Infusion, oral application	NUT	MED: treatment of cough NUT
						Herbal liqueur	NUT/MED	NUT/MED
0	3	Viscum album L. (Viscaceae)	Bela omela	W	Leaf	Infusion, oral application	×	MED: antihypertensive, good for the stomach
					Fruit	Glue from cooked fruits applied on a stick	×	OTHER: household agent for catching flies
1	0	Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae)	Grozdje	C	Fruit	Vinegar for inhalation	MED: inhaled to prevent cold	×
0	1	Zea mays L. (Poaceae)	Koruza	C	Silk	Infusion, oral application	×	MED: treatment of urinary tract inflammation