Table 5. Miscellaneous conditions underscoring the clinical applicability of speckle tracking echocardiography.
| Study | Sample size with description | Imaging modality with vendor name | Objective | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yagmur et al. | Behcets disease (n=32) vs. controls (n=27) | 2D-ECHO and 2D-STE (QLab-Philips) | Detection of subclinical LV dysfunction | Reduced LS (-17.8 ± 2.7%) in disease vs. controls (-20.5 ± 1.8%); NT-proBNP independent corelate of mean LS |
| Liu et al. [51] | Hemodialysis patients (n=102) | 2D-ECHO, TDI and 2D-STE (EchoPac-GE) | Predictors of significant CAD despite pEF in hemodialysis patients | Reduction in LS ≥-15% in ≥6 myocardial segments predicts CAD |
| Dedobbeleer et al. [52] | Friedreich’s ataxia (n=20) vs. controls (n=20) | 2D-ECHO and 2D-STE (Qlab-Philips) | Stain profiling, detection of subclinical LV dysfunction | Reduced GLS (-15.3 vs. -17.5%), peak LV twist and untwisting rates |
| Caputo et al. [53] | At least 1 cardiovascular risk factor (n=70) | 2D-ECHO, TDI and 2D-STE (EchoPAC-GE) | Abnormal LV strain in overweight (BMI) despite pEF | Peak LS of LV-reduced in overweight vs. normal BMI (-17.2% vs. -18.7%) |
| Takamura et al. [54] | Acute PE (n=25) vs. controls (n=25) | 2D-ECHO and 2D-STE (EchoPAC-GE) | Impact of acute RV pressure overload on LV strain | Global LS (-16 vs. -20), CS (-17 vs. -24) and RS (44 vs. 59) reduced in acute PE, recover with the resolution of pressure overload |
| Shahul et al. [55] | Preeclampsia (n=11) vs. non-proteinuric hypertension (n=11) vs. normotensives (n=17) | 2D-ECHO and 2D-STE (TomTec) | Is subclinical LV dysfunction inherent to preeclampsia? | Impaired GLS (-13.7 vs. -15.9 vs. -20.1), GRS (22.4 vs. 40.7 vs. 39.8) and GCS (-17.9 vs. -28.2 vs. -21.6) in preeclampsia. pEF in all groups |
| Inoue et al. [56] | RV apical pacing (n=51)+ RV septal pacing (n=52) vs. controls (n=50) | 2D-ECHO and 2D-STE (EchoPAC-GE) | Subclinical LV dysfunction with RV apical pacing | Maximal impairment of GLS with RV apical pacing [-14.3 vs. -16.8 vs. -18.2] |
| Miszalski-Jamka et al. [57-59] | Wegener's granulomatosis (n=22) vs. controls (n=22) | 2D-ECHO and 2D-STE (EchoPAC-GE) | Subclinical LV dysfunction identification | Global LS (-17.9 vs.-19.7), CS (-18.4 vs. -21.6) and RS (38.8 vs. 50.1) impairment noted, correlate with disease severity. |
2D-ECHO, 2 dimensional echocardiography; 2D-STE, 2 dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CS, circumferential strain; GCS, global circumferential strain, GRS, global radial strain; LS, longitudinal strain; LV, left ventricle; PE, pulmonary embolism; pEF, preserved ejection fraction; RS, radial strain; RV, right ventricle; TDI, tissue Doppler imaging.