ung and yfiD gene expression dependent on growth phase. E. coli BW25113 (A and C, lane 1; B and D, lane 3) and BW27559 (ΔcpxR) (A and C, lane 2; B and D, lane 4) were grown to mid-log phase (OD600 = 0.6) (A, B) or early stationary phase (OD600 = 1.2) (C, D). After that, S1 nuclease assays for ung (A, C) and yfiD (B, D) transcripts were performed. Lane AG represents the Maxam-Gilbert sequence ladder. The transcription start site is marked with an asterisk.