. 2016 Oct 24;59(2):217–224. doi: 10.1002/dev.21484

Table 3.

Regression models of cortisol stress responses (cortisol stress reactivity and total stress cortisol concentrations ‐ AUC) and maternal parenting stress on behavioral functioning at school

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	B	β	B	β	B	β	B	β
Externalizing behavior
Step 1
AUC			<0.01	0.02	<0.01	0.01	<0.01	0.06
Reactivity			−0.05	−0.12	−0.05	−0.11	−0.07	−0.14
Step 2
Parenting stress					<0.01	0.07	<0.01	0.04
Step 3
AUC × parenting stress							<−0.01	−0.16
Reactivity × parenting stress							<0.01	0.01
R ² _change			0.01		0.01		0.02
R ² _model			0.01		0.02		0.04
Internalizing behavior
Step 1
AUC			<−0.01	−0.03	<−0.01	−0.04	<−0.01	−0.01
Reactivity			−0.07	−0.17	−0.06	−0.15	−0.08	−0.19
Step 2
Parenting stress					<0.01	0.18⁺	<0.01	0.17⁺
Step 3
AUC × parenting stress							<−0.01	−0.06
Reactivity × parenting stress							<0.01	0.14
R ² _change			0.03		0.03⁺		0.01
R ² _model			0.03		0.07⁺		0.08
Prosocial behavior
Step 1
Child gender	−2.23	−0.19*	−2.39	−0.20*	−2.08	−0.18⁺	−1.97	−0.17⁺
Step 2
AUC			0.01	0.19⁺	0.01	0.20⁺	0.01	0.17
Reactivity			−0.96	−0.16	−1.04	−0.17	−0.97	−0.16
Step 3
Parenting stress					−0.02	−0.19*	−0.02	−0.18⁺
Step 4
AUC × parenting stress							<0.01	0.08
Reactivity × parenting stress							<0.01	0.01
R ² _change	0.04*		0.03		0.04*		0.01
R ² _model	0.04*		0.06⁺		0.10*		0.11⁺

AUC, cortisol area under the curve (total stress cortisol); Reactivity, cortisol stress reactivity. No outliers were removed because Cook's distances indicated no potentially influential data points.

⁺ p < .100, *p < .050.