Figure 1.

Protocol of Experiment 1. (a) The three groups of participants differed in their sleep history prior to performing the misinformation paradigm. While time in bed (TIB) for the control and the partial sleep deprivation (PSD) groups were 8 h and 5 h, respectively, for 7 nights, the total sleep deprivation (TSD) group followed their habitual sleep schedule for 7 nights before spending an entire night awake at the laboratory. (b) The misinformation paradigm was administered at 10:00 hours after the sleep history manipulation period. Participants were shown two crimes in the forms of photographs (event‐encoding phase) and narratives that might not be consistent with the photographs (misinformation phase). Memory of the crimes was tested in the third phase (memory and source tests). Successive phases of the misinformation paradigm were, respectively, separated by a 40‐min and a 20‐min period during which participants completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and some questionnaires.