Figure 1.

Interactions between cells and bioreactor. Schematic representation of major fluxes into cells in a bioreactor during a fed‐batch process. Substrates, represented by M_i, are consumed with specific rates r_i either associated with growth, with specific rate r_i,c, or independent of growth with specific rate r_i,nc. Part of the growth associated consumption of M_i is converted to products M_j with a specific rate r_j,c. A fraction of M_j is produced not correlated with growth with specific rate r_j,nc. Substrate M_i and product M_j are also added by feeding them with a volume rate F.