Table 3.
Responses to returned prisoner self‐questionnaire.
| Self‐questionnaire | NOR | Control | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of forms completed | 112 (51%) | 93 (43%) | 205 |
| Time from previous release to completion of questionnaire (days) | Mean 79, SD 59 | Mean 85, SD 66 | Mean 82, SD 63 |
| Median 64 | Median 64 | Median 64 | |
| IQR = 37–108 | IQR = 39–119 | IQR = 38–108 | |
| Told family member/friend about naloxone | 76% (85/112) | NA | NA |
| Told someone about naloxone | 79% (89/112) | NA | NA |
| Carriage rate of naloxone | 71% (80/112) | NA | NA |
| How often did you carry it? | |||
| All | 76% (61/80) | ||
| Most | 16% (13/80) | NA | NA |
| Some | 6% (5/80) | ||
| No response | 1% (1/80) | ||
| What did you do with the naloxone? | NA | NA | |
| Saved other | 14% (16/112) | ||
| Saved self | 5% (5/112) | ||
| Lost it | 13% (14/112) | ||
| Had it taken away/stolen | 10% (11/112) | ||
| Given it away | 7% (8/112) | ||
| Thrown it away | 2% (2/112) | ||
| Broke the syringe | 2% (2/112) | ||
| No answer given | 48% (54/112) | ||
| Heroin use in the first 2 weeks after leaving prison | |||
| (yes or no) | 69% (77/112) | 65% (60/93) | 67% (137/205) |
| (Smoke/inject) | 66% (74/112) | 65% (60/93) | 65% (134/205) |
| n = 74 | n = 60 | n = 134 | |
| Mean 9/14 days, | Mean 8/14 days, | Mean 9/14 days, | |
| SD 5 days | SD 5 days | SD 5 days | |
| (Inject) | 58% (65/112) | 43% (40/93) | 51% (105/205) |
| n = 65 | n = 40 | n = 105 | |
| Mean 9/14 days, | Mean 10/14 days, | Mean 9/14 days, | |
| SD 5 days | SD 5 days | SD 5 days | |
| (Inject, alone) | 23% (26/112) | 29% (27/93) | 26% (53/205) |
| n = 25 | n = 26 | n = 51 | |
| Mean 6/14 days, | Mean 6/14 days, | Mean 6/14 days, | |
| SD 5 days | SD 4 days | SD 4 days | |
| Self‐overdose <2 weeks of release | |||
| Overdose* | 7% (8/112) | 2% (2/93) | 5% (10/205) |
| Someone present | 8/8 | 1/2 | 9/10 |
| Naloxone given | 3/8 | 2/2 | 5/10 |
| Taken to hospital | 4/8 | 2/2 | 6/10 |
| Self‐overdose >2 weeks of release | |||
| Overdose | 4% (5/112) | 6% (6/93) | 5% (11/205) |
| Someone present | 3/5 | 6/6 | 9/11 |
| Naloxone given | 3/5 | 3/6 | 6/11 |
| Taken to hospital | 4/5 | 4/6 | 8/11 |
| Presence at overdose of others <2 weeks of release | |||
| Present | 17% (19/112) | 13% (12/93) | 15% (31/205) |
| Naloxone given | 10/19 | 1/12 | 11/31 |
| Taken to hospital | 12/19 | 8/12 | 20/31 |
| Survived | 17/19 | 11/12 | 28/31 |
| Presence at overdose of others >2 weeks of release | |||
| Present | 15% (17/112) | 15% (13/93) | 15% (30/205) |
| Naloxone given | 7/17 | 2/13 | 9/30 |
| Taken to hospital | 9/17 | 12/13 | 21/30 |
| Survived | 13/17 | 11/13 | 24/30 |
| Naloxone acquisition‐rate χ2 on 1 d.f. = 1.46 P = 0.226 | 4% (5/112) | 9% (8/93) | 6% (13/205) |
| Do you think taking part in N‐ALIVE changed your own use of heroin in the first 2 weeks after release? | |||
| No | 38% (43/112) | 65% (60/93) | 50% (103/205) |
| Safer heroin use | 54% (60/112) | 32% (30/93) | 44% (90/205) |
| Riskier heroin use | 2% (2/112) | 3% (3/93) | 2% (5/205) |
*
Fisher's exact test: P = 0.116. NOR = naloxone‐on‐release; SD =standard deviation; NA = not applicable; N‐ALIVE = NALoxone InVEstigation.