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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 26.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2017 Jan 26;168(3):503–516.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.006

Figure 5. Salmonella regulates the anorexic response and virulence via the gut-brain axis.

Figure 5

(A–B) Il1β−/− mice orally infected with ΔslrP were fed ad libitum (n=6) or given restricted amounts of food (n=6). ΔslrP-infected B6 mice (n=5) were fed ad libitum. Weight loss (A) and survival (B) were measured.

(C) Heat map of differentially expressed genes in the hypothalamus of wt (n=3) and ΔslrP (n=3) infected B6 mice 48hr post-infection.

(D) Quantitative PCR analysis of genes identified in (C) in the hypothalamus of B6 mice infected with wt (n=4) or ΔslrP (n=4) and Il1β−/− (n=10) mice infected with ΔslrP ST for 48hr.

(E) Feeding of ΔslrP-infected vagotomized or sham B6 mice. Values normalized to feeding amounts of uninfected mice. n=9–10/group. Data represent 2 independent experiments combined.

(F) Quantitative PCR analysis of genes identified in (C) in the hypothalamus of ΔslrP-infected vagotomized or sham B6 mice at 48hrs post-infection. n=4–5/group.

(G) Levels of mature IL-1β were determined by IL-1R reporter assay 48hr post-infection in SI of ΔslrP-infected vagotomized or sham B6 mice. Graph shown depicts reporter fluorescence (arbitrary units), indicative of active IL-1β. n=4–5/group.

****p<0.0001, ***<0.01, **p<0.05, *p=0.05. Unpaired student t-test, one-sample t test, or Log rank analysis for survival. Error bars indicate +/− SEM. Il1β for (D) is from hypothalamus from 48hr and 72hr. See Figure S4 and S5.