. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016 Aug 11;61(1):10.1002/mnfr.201501025. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201501025

Table 2.

Dependent variable results from the study^a)

Treatment groups^b)	Low-RS-S	Hi-RS-S	Low-RS-WG	Hi-RS-WG	Pooled SEM
Empty cecum weights (g)	0.46¹	0.87²	0.55³	1.14⁴	0.04
Cecal contents pH	7.92¹	6.72²	7.36²	6.28³	0.15
Acetate (millimoles/cecum)	0.072¹	0.259²	0.162²	0.562³	0.050
Propionate (millimoles/cecum)	0.012¹	0.050²	0.026²	0.115³	0.011
Butyrate (millimoles/cecum)	0.020¹	0.143²	0.050²	0.313³	0.033
Glucagon-like peptide 1, pM	0.051¹	0.149²	0.081¹	0.174²	0.028
Energy intake (kcal)	5550.4¹	6302.4²	5898.9³	6352.3²	112.3
Emboweled body weight (EBW, g)^c)	450.0¹	464.1^1,2	484.3²	480.8²	9.5
Abdominal fat (AF, %)AF/EBW × 100	7.1	7.0	7.2	7.0	0.1
HOMA-IR^d)	31.3¹	17.2²	30.1¹	26.8^1,2	3.2

^a)

Significant differences for treatment group dependent variable values with p < 0.05 are indicated by different superscript numbers. Note that the p-value for the difference between the cecal contents pH for Hi-RS-S and Low-RS-WG approached significance at p = 0.052.

^b)

Acronym letters for the diets include: Low-RS-S, isolated starch control diet; Hi-RS-S, high isolated RS diet that contains high-amylose maize RS type 2; Low-RS-WG, low-RS whole-grain control diet that contains whole-grain dent corn flour; Hi-RS-WG, high-RS whole-grain flour diet that contains high-amylose whole-grain flour.

^c)

Emboweled body weight was calculated as disemboweled body weight (final body weight minus weight of full GI tract) plus the weight of the empty GI tract.

^d)

The homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), which equals fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) multiplied by fasting plasma insulin (µU/mL) and then divided by 2430.