Table 3.
The distributions of study parameters according to EAT subgroups
| Variables | EAT (<5 mm) (n=119) | EAT (5–7 mm) (n=70) | EAT (>7 mm) (n=63) | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 46±8 | 50±8a | 50±9a | 0.009 |
| Gender, male | 50% | 63% | 63% | 0.094 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.7±5.0 | 30.1±3.4 | 33.7±4.3a,b | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 96.7±10.3 | 100.4±7.9a | 110.7±9.0a,b | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 82% | 84% | 87% | 0.709 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8% | 1% | 2% | 0.019 |
| Smoking status | 22% | 15% | 24% | 0.367 |
| Dyslipidemia | 27% | 35% | 40% | 0.160 |
| Family history of CAD | 67% | 44% | 53% | 0.081 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 101±19 | 100±16 | 99±14 | 0.818 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.81±0.22 | 0.84±0.13 | 0.80±0.10 | 0.537 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 4.8±1.4 | 5.3±1.4 | 5.7±1.4a | <0.001 |
| T. Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.95±0.59 | 0.80±0.42 | 0.77±0.32 | 0.051 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 215±39 | 219±38 | 227±41 | 0.158 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 137±31 | 140±35 | 145±35 | 0.302 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 47±14 | 47±11 | 45±9 | 0.430 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 157±81 | 159±116 | 184±107 | 0.211 |
| LDL/HDL ratio | 3.09±1.02 | 3.06±0.84 | 3.33±0.95 | 0.211 |
| TK/HDL ratio | 4.83±1.36 | 4.87±1.25 | 5.22±1.22 | 0.159 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.41±0.41 | 0.47±0.43 | 0.67±0.57a,b | 0.001 |
| CRP, log-transformed | -0.53±0.33 | -0.46±0.32 | -0.27±0.30a,b | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 26±17 | 27±19 | 29±19 | 0.490 |
| GGT activity, U/L | 30±22 | 29±19 | 34±16 | 0.433 |
| Leukocytes, 103/mm3 | 7.4±2.1 | 7.3±1.4 | 7.5±1.7 | 0.896 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.0±1.8 | 14.5±1.3 | 14.4±1.5 | 0.157 |
| Platelets, 103/mm3 | 279±57 | 278±62 | 292±66 | 0.368 |
| CIMT, mm, mean | 0.72±0.15 | 0.85±0.16a | 0.95±0.12a,b | <0.001 |
| PCP | 7% | 19% | 41% | <0.001 |
| Medications | ||||
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 15% | 20% | 11% | 0.625 |
| Antilipemic agents | 9% | 5% | 13% | 0.135 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 50% | 60% | 67% | 0.895 |
| Antidiabetic drugs | 6% | 3% | 2% | 0.456 |
ALT - alanine aminotransferase; BMI - body mass index; CAD - coronary artery disease; CIMT - carotid intima-media thickness; CRP - C-reactive protein; GGT - Gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL - Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PCP - presence of carotid plaque; TK - total cholesterol, waist circumference.
*
Mean values were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey’s HSD test among different EAT groups.
a
When compared with EAT <5 mm, P<0.05.
b
When compared with EAT 5–7 mm, P<0.05