Table 1. Most common causes of hypopituitarism.

Etiology	Underlying cause/disease (examples)
Congenital	•  Idiopathic (without anatomical lesion or association with syndromic disease) •  With anatomic lesion in the sella region (for example, primary empty sella syndrome or Rathke’s cyst) •  Associated with malformations of the central nervous system (for example, septo-optic- dysplasia, Kallmann syndrome, and pituitary stalk interruption syndrome)
Acquired	•  Pituitary tumor (mainly displacing macroadenoma) •  Craniopharyngeoma •  Transsphenoidal or transcranial surgery in the hypothalamo-pituitary region •  Cranial radiation •  Systemic cancer treatment •  Traumatic brain injury •  Sheehan’s syndrome •  Apoplexy •  Subarachnoid hemorrhage •  Meningitis •  Hypophysitis •  Meningioma in the sella region •  Lymphoma •  Wegener’s granulomatosis •  Hemochromatosis