Table 4. Consideration for a strategic combination approach to the management and treatment of clinical rabies.

Proposed need	Suggested consideration	References
Management of the dying rabies patient?	Responsible palliative care, toward death with dignity	105
Intensive care of acute progressive rabies encephalitis?	Ventilation, sedation, cardiac monitoring, body temperature regulation, parenteral nutrition, management of vasospasm, and so on	106
Real-time diagnostic support?	Rapid antemortem confirmation, viral characterization, and continued patient monitoring, including serology, amplicons, antigens, and so on	107
Active immunization?	Recombinant vaccines	108
Passive immunization?	Rabies immune globulin or monoclonal antibodies	109
Administration of immunostimulatory oligonucleotides?	Use of PyNTTTTGT compounds, such as IMT504	110
Anti-viral drugs?	Use of known ssRNA virus inhibitors, such as favipiravir (T-705)	111
Targeted host-catalyzed biochemical pathways?	Selection of specific small-molecular-weight compounds	112
Blood-brain barrier permeability enhancement?	Induction of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines	113
Associated pathological decrease of dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission?	Supplementation with biotin	114
Mitochondrial dysfunction and degenerative changes in neuronal processes?	Relief of potential oxidative stress	115