Fig. 2.

Effects of 4MM and MeCa on markers of dopaminergic toxicity. Mice were treated with 4MM (4 × 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg), MeCa (4 × 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg), or saline vehicle every 2 hours for a total of four injections at the given dose. Levels of DA (A), DAT (B), TH (C), and GFAP (D) were determined 48 hours after drug exposure. Data are means ± S.E.M. (for 4MM: control, n = 18; 2.5 mg/kg, n = 8; 5 mg/kg, n = 8; 10 mg/kg, n = 9; 20 mg/kg, n = 12; 40 mg/kg, n = 12; for MeCa: control, n = 15; 10 mg/kg, n = 6; 20 mg/kg, n = 6; 40 mg/kg, n = 11; 80 mg/kg, n = 10). Each experiment was performed three times, with differing doses, and results were then pooled for analysis. METH and MEPH data were reprinted for comparison from Anneken et al. (2015) with permission from John Wiley and Sons, Inc. These data are not statistically analyzed in the present figure, but METH elicited highly significant toxic effects on each measure in the original experiments, whereas MEPH had no significant effects. One-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001 ****P < 0.0001 compared with controls, with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test.