Expression of HDAC4 in ventral hypothalamus in long-day compared to short-day conditions. HDAC4 was expressed in both the ependymal cell layer (white arrow A and B) and the parenchyma in the hypothalamus of six rats kept in either (A, C, E) short-day or (B, D, F) long-day conditions. Variation in expression in the ependymal layer was quite high but HDAC4 was clearly present in nuclei, and more weakly in cytoplasm, in some ependymal cells in both (A1) short-day and (B1) long-day conditions, shown at higher magnification. Expression of HDAC4 though was generally stronger in long-day compared to short-day conditions while expression of (G and H) NeuN was similar in both conditions. Scale bars = 20 μm in A-F, 40 μm in G and H and 12 μm in A1 and B1.