Table 1.
Characteristics of our Health and Retirement Study sample in 2004.
| Diabetics N=1,837 |
Non-Diabetics N=7,051 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 848 (46%) | 2753 (39%) |
| Race (ref=White) | ||
| Black (%) | 375 (20.41%) | 737 (10.45%) |
| Other (%) | 56 (3.05%) | 123 (1.74%) |
| Age (mean, std) | 67.4 (8.8) | 66.9 (9.6) |
| Southern birth place (%) | 347 (18.89%) | 1008 (14.3%) |
| Started smoking before age 18 (%) | 1649 (25.53%) | 1649 (25.53%) |
| Childhood self-rated health (ref=good) | ||
| Low (%) | 167 (9.09%) | 530 (7.52%) |
| High (%) | 619 (33.7%) | 2235 (31.7%) |
| Rural childhood (%) | 3657 (56.62%) | 3657 (56.62%) |
| Father absent (%) | 525 (8.13%) | 525 (8.13%) |
| Childhood Social Capital (mean, std) | −0.01 (1.14) | 0.01 (1.05) |
| Not physically active (%) | 1527 (83.12%) | 5149 (73.03%) |
| Drinks per day (ref=0) | ||
| 1-2 drinks (%) | 1726 (93.96%) | 6202 (87.96%) |
| 3+ drinks (%) | 27 (1.47%) | 225 (3.19%) |
| Current smoker (%) | 247 (13.45%) | 1131 (16.04%) |
| Body mass index (ref=normal) | ||
| Overweight (%) | 658 (35.82%) | 2798 (39.68%) |
| Obese (%) | 893 (48.61%) | 1549 (21.97%) |
| Current hypertension (%) | 1300 (70.77%) | 3281 (46.53%) |
| Current stroke (%) | 176 (9.58%) | 388 (5.5%) |
| Current heart disease (%) | 589 (32.06%) | 1364 (19.34%) |
| Current depression (%) | 329 (17.91%) | 769 (10.91%) |
| Current self-rated health (ref=good) | ||
| Low (%) | 718 (39.09%) | 1276 (18.1%) |
| High (%) | 399 (21.72%) | 3555 (50.42%) |
| Current marital status (ref=married) | ||
| Divorced/separated | 196 (10.67%) | 712 (10.1%) |
| Widowed | 343 (18.67%) | 1217 (17.26%) |
| Never married | 44 (2.4%) | 185 (2.62%) |
| Childhood SES (mean, std) | −0.09 (0.93) | 0.15 (1.03) |
| High school completion (%) | 1356 (73.82%) | 5843 (82.87%) |
| College completion (%) | 330 (17.96%) | 1699 (24.1%) |
| Household income (median, IQR) | $23,669 ($13,461-$41,296) | $29,792 ($16,958-$53,076) |
| Household wealth (median, IQR) | $93532 ($26,164-$266,368) | $173,242 ($60,741-$411,074) |
| Baseline HbA1c (mean, std) | 6.8 (1.3) | 5.5 (0.42) |