Figure 1. Serum sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and syndecan-1 concentrations are increased in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with healthy controls.

(A) and (B), S1P (A) and syndecan-1 (B) concentrations were measured by S1P and syndecan-1 ELISA assays in serum from 40 healthy controls and 40 patients with HCC. The results are shown as the median of triplicate determinations for each sample. The lines indicate Mean ± S.D. Asterisks indicate significance at ***P < 0.001 (ANOVA). (C) and (D), the correlation between serum S1P and syndecan-1 in healthy controls (C) and HCC patients (D) were determined by Pearson analyses.