Table 3. Differentially regulated amino acids identified from RRLC-based targeted metabolic profiling.
| Metabolites | Retention time (tR, min) | Variations versus healthy controlsa | Related metabolic pathways |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aspartate (Asp) | 0.52 | ↑ | Asparagine/aspartate metabolism |
| Asparagine (Asn) | 1.95 | ↑ | |
| Glutamate (Glu) | 0.75 | ↑ | Glutamine/glutamate metabolism |
| Glutamine (Gln) | 2.09 | ↑ | |
| Cysteine (Cys) | 6.41 | ↑ | One-carbon metabolism |
| Methionine (Met) | 6.71 | ↓ | |
| Isoleucine (Ile) | 7.27 | ↑ | Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism |
| Leucine (Leu) | 7.44 | ↑ | |
| Tryptophan (Trp) | 7.35 | ↓ | Tryptophan metabolism |
a
↑ and ↓ indicate increased and decreased levels in lung cancer patients compared to healthy controls, respectively.