Table 2. Clinical implications of TET proteins dual roles in tumors.
| Tumors | 5hmC levels | TET proteins | Role in tumorigenesis | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| many hematopoietic malignancies | ↓ | (TET2)↓ | tumor suppression | [75–87,102] |
| breast cancer | ↓ | (TET1)↓ | tumor suppression | [92] |
| prostate cancer | ↓ | (TET1)↓ | tumor suppression | [91] |
| human hepatocellular carcinoma | ↓ | (TET1)↓ | tumor suppression | [98] |
| gastric cancer | ↓ | (TET1)↓ | tumor suppression | [104] |
| MLL-rearranged leukemia | ↑ | (TET1)↑ | tumor promotion | [93] |
| diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma | ↑ | (TET1 and TET3)↑ | tumor promotion (not determined) | [24] |
| proneural glioblastomas | ↑ | (TET1)↑ | tumor promotion | [25] |
| uterine leiomyoma | ↑ | (TET1 and TET3)↑ | tumor promotion | [100] |
| neuroblastoma in hypoxia | ↑ | (TET1)↑ | tumor promotion | [101] |
| inflammation-induced tumors | — | (TET2)— | tumor suppression (not determined) | [12] |
Note: ↑: higher levels compared to normal tissue; ↓: lower levels compared to normal tissue; —: possible no alteration compared to normal tissue