Table 1.
Human Studies | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Bone Mass | BM fat | Body Fat | Fracture Risk | |
Observational studies | ||||
Growth | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | — |
Aging | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
Osteoporosis | ↓ | ↑ | — | ↑ |
Anorexia nervosa | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ |
Obesity | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
Diabetes | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
HIV | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
Lipodystrophy | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑/↓ |
Interventional studies | ||||
TZD | ↓ | ↓ | — | ↑ |
Exercise | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Estrogen | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Bisphosphonate | ↑ | ↓ | — | ↓ |
PTH | ↑ | ↓ | — | ↓ |
Bariatric surgery | ↓ | ↓/—* | ↓ | |
Growth hormone | ↑ | ↑ | — | ? |
depending on HbA1c