Table 1.
Characteristics of laboring women who require operative delivery assistance in relation to pre-pregnancy body mass index†, N (%) (N=2,084)
| Underweight (N=99) |
Normal weight (N=1,175) |
Overweight (N=476) |
Obese (N=337) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||
| 15–19 | 9 (9.1) | 95 (8.1) | 28 (5.9) | 19 (5.6) | 0.234 |
| 20–24 | 23 (23.2) | 188 (16.0) | 73 (15.3) | 58 (17.2) | |
| 25–29 | 22 (22.2) | 327 (27.9) | 127 (26.7) | 100 (29.7) | |
| 30–34 | 31 (31.3) | 367 (31.3) | 147 (30.9) | 95 (28.2) | |
| 35+ | 14 (14.1) | 195 (16.6) | 101 (21.2) | 65 (19.3) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| Black | 4 (4.0) | 61 (5.2) | 40 (8.4) | 22 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| White | 54 (54.5) | 738 (63.0) | 322 (67.6) | 241 (71.5) | |
| Asian | 15 (15.2) | 104 (8.9) | 14 (2.9) | 5 (1.5) | |
| Hispanic | 15 (15.2) | 150 (12.8) | 56 (11.8) | 56 (16.6) | |
| Other | 11 (11.1) | 119 (10.2) | 44 (9.2) | 13 (3.9) | |
| Primary language | |||||
| English | 73 (75.3) | 947 (82.3) | 394 (84.5) | 291 (87.7) | 0.001 |
| Spanish | 7 (7.2) | 64 (5.6) | 30 (6.4) | 25 (7.5) | |
| Other | 17 (17.5) | 139 (12.1) | 42 (9.0) | 16 (4.8) | |
| Married | 53 (53.5) | 725 (62.4) | 311 (65.9) | 192 (57.7) | 0.032 |
| Parity | |||||
| 0 | 74 (74.7) | 870 (74.2) | 352 (73.9) | 220 (65.3) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 12 (12.1) | 228 (19.5) | 75 (15.8) | 83 (24.6) | |
| 2+ | 13 (13.1) | 74 (6.3) | 49 (10.3) | 34 (10.1) | |
| Smoking | 16 (16.2) | 114 (9.7) | 49 (10.3) | 53 (15.7) | 0.006 |
| Diabetes (Type I, II or GDM) | 4 (4.3) | 45 (4.2) | 33 (7.6) | 38 (12.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension: PIH, Chronic & Preeclampsia | 2 (2.0) | 83 (7.1) | 57 (12.0) | 63 (18.7) | <0.001 |
| Received prenatal care | 98 (99.0) | 1,152 (98.8) | 467 (99.2) | 334 (99.7) | 0.479 |
| Any Augmentation or Induction | 70 (70.7) | 883 (75.3) | 379 (79.6) | 287 (85.2) | <0.001 |
| Epidural Anesthesia | 84 (84.8) | 1,020 (87.1) | 413 (86.8) | 300 (89.0) | 0.663 |
| Adherence to 2009 IOM guideline | |||||
| Inadequate | 22 (22.2) | 197 (16.8) | 54 (11.3) | 68 (20.2) | <0.001 |
| Appropriate | 41 (41.4) | 374 (31.9) | 92 (19.3) | 53 (15.8) | |
| Excessive | 36 (36.4) | 601 (51.3) | 330 (69.3) | 215 (64.0) | |
| Gestational age | |||||
| EGA ≥34 –<37 weeks | 2 (2.0) | 51 (4.4) | 17 (3.6) | 16 (4.7) | 0.637 |
| EGA 37+ weeks | 97 (98.0) | 1,121 (95.6) | 459 (96.4) | 321 (95.3) | |
| Neonate weight | |||||
| SGA | 14 (14.3) | 124 (10.6) | 46 (9.7) | 21 (6.2) | 0.001 |
| LGA | 83 (84.7) | 968 (82.7) | 397 (83.4) | 277 (82.2) | |
| AGA | 1 (1.0) | 79 (6.7) | 33 (6.9) | 39 (11.6) | |
*
≥ 34 weeks of gestation, vertex, 10 cm dilation, ≥ +2 station
†
Underweight (<18.5kg/m2), Normal weight (18.5kg/m2≤BMI<25kg/m2), Overweight (25kg/m2≤ BMI<30kg/m2), Obese (≥30kg/m2)
‡
GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus), GWG (Gestational Weight Gain), IOM (Institute of Medicine), SGA (Small for Gestational Age), AGA (Average for Gestational Age), LGA (Large for Gestational Age)