Table 3.
Successful vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery in relation to participant characteristics among women on whom vacuum was attempted (N=1,652)
| Characteristics | Successful Vacuum | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Crude OR [95% CI] | Adjusted OR* [95% CI] | |||
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 75 (92.6) | 0.58 [0.24–1.41] | 0.54 [0.21–1.37] | ||
| Normal Weight (18.5 to < 25.0) | 927 (95.6) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Overweight (25.0 to < 30.0) | 341 (94.5) | 0.79 [0.46–1.36] | 1.07 [0.57–2.00] | ||
| Obese (≥30.0) | 231 (96.3) | 1.19 [0.57–2.48] | 1.09 [0.51–2.33] | ||
| Age (years) | |||||
| 15 – 19 | 128 (96.2) | 0.76 [0.25–2.38] | |||
| 20 – 24 | 268 (97.1) | Reference | |||
| 25 – 29 | 424 (94.0) | 0.47 [0.21–1.05] | |||
| 30 – 34 | 466 (95.1) | 0.58 [0.26–1.31] | |||
| 35+ | 288 (95.4) | 0.61 [0.25–1.49] | |||
| Race | |||||
| Black | 102 (96.2) | 1.34 [0.48–3.78] | 1.48 [0.44–4.98] | ||
| White | 1,009 (95.0) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Asian | 112 (94.9) | 0.98 [0.41–2.33] | 1.12 [0.42–3.02] | ||
| Hispanic | 215 (98.6) | 3.76 [1.17–12.16] | 3.39 [1.03–11.13] | ||
| Other | 136 (91.9) | 0.60 [0.31–1.14] | 0.62 [0.30–1.28] | ||
| Marital Status | |||||
| Married | 944 (95.1) | 0.91 [0.57–1.45] | |||
| Not married | 616 (95.5) | Reference | |||
| Parity | |||||
| 0 | 1.076 (93.6) | Reference | |||
| 1 | 344 (99.4) | 11.67 [2.85–47.79] | 11.85 [2.86–49.08] | ||
| 2+ | 154 (98.1) | 3.48 [1.08–11.19] | 3.38 [1.03–11.07] | ||
| Smoking Cigarettes | |||||
| No Smoking | 1,391 (95.4) | 1.25 [0.65–2.41] | |||
| Smoking | 183 (94.3) | Reference | |||
| Diabetes (Type 1, 2, GDM) | |||||
| Not Diabetes | 1,350 (95.4) | Reference | |||
| Diabetes | 72 (91.1) | 0.50 [0.22–1.12] | 0.47 [0.20–1.11] | ||
| Hypertension (chronic, pregnancy–induced, preeclampsia) | |||||
| Not hypertension | 1,424 (90.5) | Reference | |||
| Hypertension | 150 (9.5) | 1.26 [0.54–2.96] | |||
| Received Prenatal Care | |||||
| No | 17 (100.0) | ||||
| Yes | 1,547 (95.2) | Reference | |||
| Any labor induction or augmentation | |||||
| No | 382 (96.9) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1,192 (94.7) | 0.57 [0.30–1.06] | 0.59 [0.30–1.17] | ||
| Epidural | |||||
| No | 195 (95.1) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1,379 (95.3) | 1.04 [0.53–2.06] | 1.77 [0.84–3.71] | ||
| Adherence To 2009 IOM Guideline | |||||
| Inadequate | 285 (94.7) | 0.94 [0.49–1.81] | |||
| Appropriate | 437 (95.0) | Reference | |||
| Excessive | 851 (95.6) | 1.15 [0.68–1.95] | |||
| Estimated Gestational Age | |||||
| EGA <37 | 68 (97.1) | Reference | Reference | ||
| EGA 37+ | 1,506 (95.2) | 0.58 [0.14–2.42] | 0.26 [0.04–1.93] | ||
| Neonate weight | |||||
| SGA | 185 (97.4) | 1.89 [0.75–4.75] | 3.43 [1.05–11.25] | ||
| AGA | 1,312 (95.1) | Reference | Reference | ||
| LGA | 75 (92.6) | 0.64 [0.27–1.52] | 0.44 [0.18–1.12] | ||
*
Adjusted for: age category, smoking, hypertension, prenatal care, epidural, adherence to GWG, race, diabetes, induction, augmentation, and estimated gestational age
†
Significant Odds Ratios at the p< 0.05 level bolded
‡
GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus), GWG (Gestational Weight Gain), IOM (Institute of Medicine), SGA (Small for Gestational Age), AGA (Average for Gestational Age), LGA (Large for Gestational Age)